K R Iverson1, O Ahearn2, I Citron3, K Garringer4, S Mukhodpadhyay5, A Teshome6, A Bekele7, S Workneh8, R S Workneh9, S Zemenfeskudus10, T Gultie11, A Varghese12, M G Shrime13, J G Meara14, D Burssa15. 1. Department of Surgery, University of California Davis Medical Center, Sacramento, CA, USA; Department of Global Health and Social Medicine, Program in Global Surgery and Social Change, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA. Electronic address: katie.r.iverson@gmail.com. 2. Department of Global Health and Social Medicine, Program in Global Surgery and Social Change, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA. Electronic address: ocahearn@gmail.com. 3. Department of Global Health and Social Medicine, Program in Global Surgery and Social Change, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA. Electronic address: isabelle.citron@googlemail.com. 4. Department of Global Health and Social Medicine, Program in Global Surgery and Social Change, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA. Electronic address: kaya_garringer@hms.harvard.edu. 5. Department of Global Health and Social Medicine, Program in Global Surgery and Social Change, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA; Department of Surgery, University of Connecticut, East Hartford, CT, USA. Electronic address: swagotom@gmail.com. 6. Federal Ministry of Health, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. Electronic address: atlibachewt@gmail.com. 7. Addis Ababa University School of Medicine, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. Electronic address: abebesurg@gmail.com. 8. Federal Ministry of Health, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. Electronic address: samyesseye@gmail.com. 9. Addis Ababa University School of Medicine, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. Electronic address: redietshimeles@gmail.com. 10. Federal Ministry of Health, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. Electronic address: samizkmd@gmail.com. 11. Jhpiego, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. Electronic address: terukebe@gmail.com. 12. GE Foundation, Boston, MA, USA. Electronic address: asvarg@gmail.com. 13. Department of Global Health and Social Medicine, Program in Global Surgery and Social Change, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA; Center for Global Surgery Evaluation, Massachusetts Eye & Ear Infirmary, Boston, MA, USA. Electronic address: shrime@gmail.com. 14. Department of Global Health and Social Medicine, Program in Global Surgery and Social Change, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA; Department of Plastic and Oral Surgery, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA. Electronic address: jgmeara@gmail.com. 15. Federal Ministry of Health, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. Electronic address: dburssag@gmail.com.
Abstract
BACKGROUND: A baseline assessment of surgical capacity is recommended as a first-step to surgical system strengthening in order to inform national policy. In Ethiopia, the World Health Organization's Tool for Situational Analysis (WHO SAT) was adapted to assess surgical, obstetric, and anesthesia capacity as part of a national initiative: Saving Lives Through Safe Surgery (SaLTS). This study describes the process of adapting this tool and initial results. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The new tool was used to evaluate fourteen hospitals in the Southern Nations, Nationalities, and People's Region of Ethiopia between February and March 2017. Two analytic methods were employed. To compare this data to international metrics, the WHO Service Availability and Readiness Assessment (SARA) framework was used. To assess congruence with national policy, data was evaluated against Ethiopian SaLTS targets. RESULTS: Facilities had on average 62% of SARA items necessary for both basic surgery and comprehensive surgery. Primary, general, and specialized facilities offered on average 84%, 100%, and 100% of SARA basic surgeries, and 58%, 73% and 90% of SARA comprehensive surgeries, respectively. An average of 68% of SaLTS primary surgeries were available at primary facilities, 83% at general facilities, and 100% at specialized facilities. General and specialized hospitals offered an average of 80% of SaLTS general surgeries, while one specialized hospital offered 38% of SaLTS specialized surgeries. CONCLUSION: While the modified SaLTS Tool provided evaluation against Ethiopian national benchmarks, the resultant assessment was much lengthier than standard international tools. Analysis of results using the SARA framework allowed for comparison to global standards and provided insight into essential parts of the tool. An assessment tool for national surgical policy should maintain internationally comparable metrics and incorporation into existing surveys when possible, while including country-specific targets.
BACKGROUND: A baseline assessment of surgical capacity is recommended as a first-step to surgical system strengthening in order to inform national policy. In Ethiopia, the World Health Organization's Tool for Situational Analysis (WHO SAT) was adapted to assess surgical, obstetric, and anesthesia capacity as part of a national initiative: Saving Lives Through Safe Surgery (SaLTS). This study describes the process of adapting this tool and initial results. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The new tool was used to evaluate fourteen hospitals in the Southern Nations, Nationalities, and People's Region of Ethiopia between February and March 2017. Two analytic methods were employed. To compare this data to international metrics, the WHO Service Availability and Readiness Assessment (SARA) framework was used. To assess congruence with national policy, data was evaluated against Ethiopian SaLTS targets. RESULTS: Facilities had on average 62% of SARA items necessary for both basic surgery and comprehensive surgery. Primary, general, and specialized facilities offered on average 84%, 100%, and 100% of SARA basic surgeries, and 58%, 73% and 90% of SARA comprehensive surgeries, respectively. An average of 68% of SaLTS primary surgeries were available at primary facilities, 83% at general facilities, and 100% at specialized facilities. General and specialized hospitals offered an average of 80% of SaLTS general surgeries, while one specialized hospital offered 38% of SaLTS specialized surgeries. CONCLUSION: While the modified SaLTS Tool provided evaluation against Ethiopian national benchmarks, the resultant assessment was much lengthier than standard international tools. Analysis of results using the SARA framework allowed for comparison to global standards and provided insight into essential parts of the tool. An assessment tool for national surgical policy should maintain internationally comparable metrics and incorporation into existing surveys when possible, while including country-specific targets.