Diversity among academic orthopedic shoulder and elbow surgery faculty in the United States.

BACKGROUND: The purpose of this study was to perform a cross-sectional analysis of diversity among academic shoulder and elbow surgeons in the United States.
METHODS: US shoulder and elbow surgeons who participated in shoulder and elbow fellowship and/or orthopedic surgery resident education as of November 2018 were included. Demographic data (age, gender, race), practice setting, years in practice, academic rank, and leadership roles were collected through publicly available databases and professional profiles. Descriptive statistics were performed and findings were compared between different racial and gender groups. Statistical significance was set at P <.05.
RESULTS: A total of 186 orthopedic shoulder and elbow surgeons were identified as participating in shoulder and elbow fellowship and/or orthopedic surgery residency education. Overall, 83.9% were white, 14.5% were Asian, 1.1% were Hispanic, 0.5% were an other race, and 0% were African American. In addition, 94.6% of surgeons were male, whereas 5.4% were female. Further, 64.5% of all surgeons had been in practice for >10 years, and 39.2% worked in an urban setting. Less than half (40.3%) of the surgeons practicing primarily at academic institutions held a professor rank. White surgeons had a significantly greater time in practice vs. nonwhite surgeons (mean 18.8 vs. 12.6 years, P < .01) and were more likely to hold a professor rank (44.0% vs. 21.7%, P = .04).
CONCLUSION: Racial and gender diversity among US shoulder and elbow surgeons who participate in fellowship and residency education is lacking. Hispanic, African American, and female surgeons are underrepresented. Efforts should be made to identify the reasons for these deficiencies and address them to further advance the field of orthopedic shoulder and elbow surgery.