Eden M Barrett1,2, Birdem Amoutzopoulos3,4, Marijka J Batterham2,5, Sumantra Ray3,6, Eleanor J Beck1,2. 1. School of Medicine, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, NSW 2522, Australia. 2. Illawarra Health and Medical Research Institute, University of Wollongong, NSW 2522, Australia. 3. MRC Elsie Widdowson Laboratory, CambridgeCB1 9NL, UK. 4. NIHR BRC Diet, Anthropometry and Physical Activity Group, MRC Epidemiology Unit, University of Cambridge, CambridgeCB2 0SL, UK. 5. School of Mathematics and Applied Statistics, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, NSW 2522, Australia. 6. NNEdPro Global Centre for Nutrition and Health (Affiliated with Cambridge University Health Partners, Wolfson College Cambridge and the British Dietetic Association), St John's Innovation Centre, CambridgeCB4 0WS, UK.
Abstract
OBJECTIVE: To investigate how intakes of whole grains and cereal fibre were associated to risk factors for CVD in UK adults. DESIGN: Cross-sectional analyses examined associations between whole grain and cereal fibre intakes and adiposity measurements, serum lipid concentrations, C-reactive protein, systolic blood pressure, fasting glucose, HbA1c, homocysteine and a combined CVD relative risk score. SETTING: The National Diet and Nutrition Survey (NDNS) Rolling Programme 2008-2014. PARTICIPANTS: A nationally representative sample of 2689 adults. RESULTS: Participants in the highest quartile (Q4) of whole grain intake had lower waist-hip ratio (Q1 0·872; Q4 0·857; P = 0·04), HbA1c (Q1 5·66 %; Q4 5·47 %; P = 0·01) and homocysteine (Q1 9·95 µmol/l; Q4 8·76 µmol/l; P = 0·01) compared with participants in the lowest quartile (Q1), after adjusting for dietary and lifestyle factors, including cereal fibre intake. Whole grain intake was inversely associated with C-reactive protein using multivariate analysis (P = 0·02), but this was not significant after final adjustment for cereal fibre. Cereal fibre intake was also inversely associated with waist-hip ratio (P = 0·03) and homocysteine (P = 0·002) in multivariate analysis. CONCLUSIONS: Similar inverse associations between whole grain and cereal fibre intakes to CVD risk factors suggest the relevance of cereal fibre in the protective effects of whole grains. However, whole grain associations often remained significant after adjusting for cereal fibre intake, suggesting additional constituents may be relevant. Intervention studies are needed to compare cereal fibre intake from non-whole grain sources to whole grain intake.
OBJECTIVE: To investigate how intakes of whole grains and cereal fibre were associated to risk factors for CVD in UK adults. DESIGN: Cross-sectional analyses examined associations between whole grain and cereal fibre intakes and adiposity measurements, serum lipid concentrations, C-reactive protein, systolic blood pressure, fasting glucose, HbA1c, homocysteine and a combined CVD relative risk score. SETTING: The National Diet and Nutrition Survey (NDNS) Rolling Programme 2008-2014. PARTICIPANTS: A nationally representative sample of 2689 adults. RESULTS:Participants in the highest quartile (Q4) of whole grain intake had lower waist-hip ratio (Q1 0·872; Q4 0·857; P = 0·04), HbA1c (Q1 5·66 %; Q4 5·47 %; P = 0·01) and homocysteine (Q1 9·95 µmol/l; Q4 8·76 µmol/l; P = 0·01) compared with participants in the lowest quartile (Q1), after adjusting for dietary and lifestyle factors, including cereal fibre intake. Whole grain intake was inversely associated with C-reactive protein using multivariate analysis (P = 0·02), but this was not significant after final adjustment for cereal fibre. Cereal fibre intake was also inversely associated with waist-hip ratio (P = 0·03) and homocysteine (P = 0·002) in multivariate analysis. CONCLUSIONS: Similar inverse associations between whole grain and cereal fibre intakes to CVD risk factors suggest the relevance of cereal fibre in the protective effects of whole grains. However, whole grain associations often remained significant after adjusting for cereal fibre intake, suggesting additional constituents may be relevant. Intervention studies are needed to compare cereal fibre intake from non-whole grain sources to whole grain intake.
Authors: Katrina R Kissock; Florent Vieux; Kevin C Mathias; Adam Drewnowski; Chris J Seal; Gabriel Masset; Jessica Smith; Heddie Mejborn; Nicola M McKeown; Eleanor J Beck Journal: Eur J Nutr Date: 2021-11-24 Impact factor: 5.614