Jonathan Fix1, Isabella Annesi-Maesano2, Isabelle Baldi3,4, Mathilde Boulanger3,4, Soo Cheng5, Sandra Cortes6,7, Jean-Charles Dalphin8,9, Mohamed Aqiel Dalvie10, Bruno Degano11,12, Jeroen Douwes5, Wijnand Eduard13, Grethe Elholm14, Catterina Ferreccio6,7, Anne-Helen Harding15, Mohamed Jeebhay10, Kevin M Kelly16, Hans Kromhout17, Ewan MacFarlane18, Cara Nichole Maesano2, Diane Catherine Mitchell19, Hussein Mwanga10, Saloshni Naidoo20, Beyene Negatu17,21, Dorothy Ngajilo10, Karl-Christian Nordby22, Christine G Parks23, Marc B Schenker19, Aesun Shin24, Torben Sigsgaard14, Malcolm Sim18, Thibaud Soumagne8,9, Peter Thorne16, Keun-Young Yoo24, Jane A Hoppin25. 1. Department of Epidemiology, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina, NC, USA. 2. Epidemiology of Allergic and Respiratory Diseases Department (EPAR), Pierre Louise Institute of Epidemiology and Public Health (IPLESP UMRS1136), UPMC Univ Paris 06, INSERM, Saint-Antoine Medical School, Sorbonne Universités, Paris. 3. INSERM U1086, Caen, France. 4. Centre de Lutte contre le Cancer François Baclesse, Caen, France. 5. Centre for Public Health Research, Massey University, PO Box 756, Wellington 6021, New Zealand. 6. Advanced Center for Chronic Diseases (ACCDiS), Facultad Medicina, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile. 7. Escuela de Medicina, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, 8330077, Chile. 8. Service de Pneumologie, CHU de Besançon, Besançon, France. 9. UMR 6249 Chrono-environnement, Université de Franche-Comté, Besançon, France. 10. Division of Occupational Medicine and Centre for Environmental and Occupational Health Research, School of Public Health and Family Medicine, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa. 11. Research, School of Public Health and Family Medicine, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa Universitaire (CHRU), Besançon, France. 12. EA 3920, Université de Franche-Comté, Besançon, France. 13. Department of Chemical and Biological Work Environment, STAMI National Institute of Occupational Health, PO Box 5330 Majorstuen, NO-0304 Oslo, Norway. 14. Department of Public Health, Danish Ramazzini Centre, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark. 15. Health and Safety Executive, Harpur Hill, Buxton SK17 9JN, UK. 16. Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, United States. 17. Division of Environmental Epidemiology, Institute for Risk Assessment Sciences, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands. 18. Monash Centre for Occupational and Environmental Health (MonCOEH), Department of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Nursing and Health Sciences, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia. 19. Department of Public Health Sciences, University of California, Davis, Davis, California, USA. 20. Discipline of Public Health Medicine, School of Nursing and Public Health, University of KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa. 21. Department of Pesticide Registration and control, Ministry of Agriculture and Livestock development, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. 22. National Institute of Occupational Health, Oslo, Norway. 23. Epidemiology Branch, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, National Institutes of Health (NIH), Department of Health and Human Services (DHHS), Research Triangle Park, North Carolina, USA. 24. Department of Preventive Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, 103 Daehakro, Chongno-gu, Seoul 110-799, Korea. 25. Department of Biological Sciences, Center for Human Health and the Environment, North Carolina State University, NC, USA.
Abstract
Purpose: Respiratory hazards of farming have been identified for centuries, with little focus on gender differences. We used data from the AGRICOH consortium, a collective of prospective cohorts of agricultural workers, to assess respiratory disease prevalence among adults in 18 cohorts representing over 200,000 farmers, farm workers, and their spouses from six continents. Methods: Cohorts collected data between 1992 and 2016 and ranged in size from 200 to >128,000 individuals; 44% of participants were female. Farming practices varied from subsistence farming to large-scale industrial agriculture. All cohorts provided respiratory outcome information for their cohort based on their study definitions. The majority of outcomes were based on self-report using standard respiratory questionnaires; the greatest variability in assessment methods was associated with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). Results: For all three respiratory symptoms (cough, phlegm, and wheeze), the median prevalence in men was higher than in women, with the greatest difference for phlegm (17% vs. 10%). For asthma, women had a higher prevalence (7.8% vs 6.5%), with the difference associated with allergic asthma. The relative proportion of allergic asthma varied among cohorts. In two of eight cohorts for women and two of seven cohorts for men, allergic asthma was more common than non-allergic asthma.Conclusions: These findings indicate that respiratory outcomes are common among farmers around the world despite differences in agricultural production. As women in the general population are at higher risk of asthma, exploring gender differences in occupational studies is critical for a deeper understanding of respiratory disease among agricultural workers.
Purpose: Respiratory hazards of farming have been identified for centuries, with little focus on gender differences. We used data from the AGRICOH consortium, a collective of prospective cohorts of agricultural workers, to assess respiratory disease prevalence among adults in 18 cohorts representing over 200,000 farmers, farm workers, and their spouses from six continents. Methods: Cohorts collected data between 1992 and 2016 and ranged in size from 200 to >128,000 individuals; 44% of participants were female. Farming practices varied from subsistence farming to large-scale industrial agriculture. All cohorts provided respiratory outcome information for their cohort based on their study definitions. The majority of outcomes were based on self-report using standard respiratory questionnaires; the greatest variability in assessment methods was associated with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). Results: For all three respiratory symptoms (cough, phlegm, and wheeze), the median prevalence in men was higher than in women, with the greatest difference for phlegm (17% vs. 10%). For asthma, women had a higher prevalence (7.8% vs 6.5%), with the difference associated with allergic asthma. The relative proportion of allergic asthma varied among cohorts. In two of eight cohorts for women and two of seven cohorts for men, allergic asthma was more common than non-allergic asthma.Conclusions: These findings indicate that respiratory outcomes are common among farmers around the world despite differences in agricultural production. As women in the general population are at higher risk of asthma, exploring gender differences in occupational studies is critical for a deeper understanding of respiratory disease among agricultural workers.
Entities:
Keywords:
Farmers; Farmworkers; Gender; Occupational Exposure; Respiratory Health
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