Jing Wang1,2, Weiqiang Zhang1,2, Xiaoyun Wang1, Chenguang Li1,2, Jinlong Li1,2, Yongjian Zhao1,2, Lin Chen1,2, Xiaofeng Qi1,2, Liang Qiao1,2, Weiwei Da1,2, Li Liu1,2, Chongqing Xu1,2, Sen Zhu1,2, Yimian Li1,2, Hao Zhang1,2, Nannan Sha1,2, Qiang Wang1,2, Yin Zhu1,2, Jianxing Luo1,2, Xuejun Cui1,2, Qianqian Liang1,2, Sheng Lu1,2, Qi Shi1,2,3, Yongjun Wang4,5,6, Bing Shu7,8. 1. Longhua Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 725 South Wanping Road, Shanghai, 200032, China. 2. Key Laboratory, Ministry of Education of China, Shanghai, 200032, China. 3. Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 1200 Cailun Road, Shanghai, 201203, China. 4. Longhua Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 725 South Wanping Road, Shanghai, 200032, China. yjwang88@hotmail.com. 5. Key Laboratory, Ministry of Education of China, Shanghai, 200032, China. yjwang88@hotmail.com. 6. Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 1200 Cailun Road, Shanghai, 201203, China. yjwang88@hotmail.com. 7. Longhua Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 725 South Wanping Road, Shanghai, 200032, China. siren17721101@163.com. 8. Key Laboratory, Ministry of Education of China, Shanghai, 200032, China. siren17721101@163.com.
Abstract
PURPOSE: This study aimed to compare the bone mineral density (BMD) of older women living in rural and urban areas, and evaluate the potential factors affecting the risk of osteoporosis. METHODS: We recruited 574 women aged 65 years or older from rural areas and 496 from urban areas in Shanghai, China. The BMD values of the lumbar vertebrae and total left hip were measured by a dual energy X-ray absorptiometry densitometer. We also recorded information about education level, family income, medications, reproductive and menstrual history, diet, smoking, and alcohol consumption. RESULTS: Women in urban areas had significantly higher BMD in their lumbar spine, and there was a dramatic increase in the proportion of women with osteoporosis in rural areas. The age at menarche was significantly higher among women living in rural areas, and there were more years from menarche to menopause among urban women. Rural women had significantly higher numbers of both pregnancies and parity, and a significantly lower age at first parity. In multiple linear regression analyses, years from menarche to menopause was independently related to high lumbar spine BMD, while age at menarche and parity was independently related to low lumbar spine BMD. CONCLUSION: More older women in rural areas had osteoporosis. Later menarche, less years from menarche to menopause and higher parity might partially contribute to decreased BMD among women in rural areas. More attention should be paid to women in rural areas to prevent bone loss and further bone and health impairment.
PURPOSE: This study aimed to compare the bone mineral density (BMD) of older women living in rural and urban areas, and evaluate the potential factors affecting the risk of osteoporosis. METHODS: We recruited 574 women aged 65 years or older from rural areas and 496 from urban areas in Shanghai, China. The BMD values of the lumbar vertebrae and total left hip were measured by a dual energy X-ray absorptiometry densitometer. We also recorded information about education level, family income, medications, reproductive and menstrual history, diet, smoking, and alcohol consumption. RESULTS:Women in urban areas had significantly higher BMD in their lumbar spine, and there was a dramatic increase in the proportion of women with osteoporosis in rural areas. The age at menarche was significantly higher among women living in rural areas, and there were more years from menarche to menopause among urban women. Rural women had significantly higher numbers of both pregnancies and parity, and a significantly lower age at first parity. In multiple linear regression analyses, years from menarche to menopause was independently related to high lumbar spine BMD, while age at menarche and parity was independently related to low lumbar spine BMD. CONCLUSION: More older women in rural areas had osteoporosis. Later menarche, less years from menarche to menopause and higher parity might partially contribute to decreased BMD among women in rural areas. More attention should be paid to women in rural areas to prevent bone loss and further bone and health impairment.
Entities:
Keywords:
Age at menarche; Bone mineral density; Older women; Osteoporosis; Parity; Urban–Rural differences
Authors: Jae Yoon Jo; Yeon Jee Lee; Hyun Kyoung Seo; Min Ji Kang; In Ae Cho; Won Jun Choi; Seung Chan Kim; Min-Chul Cho Journal: J Menopausal Med Date: 2022-08