The Odonata of Quebec: Specimen data from seven collections.

BACKGROUND: The Odonata, dragonflies and damselflies, constitute one of the more charismatic and better-studied orders of insects. The approximately 6,000 extant species on Earth can be variously found on all continents, except Antarctica. A relatively stable taxonomy, a relative ease of species identification and an aquatic immature stage has made the Odonata a taxon of interest in documenting the symptoms of global environmental change, especially at higher latitudes. The Odonata fauna of the north-temperate Canadian province of Quebec includes 150 species, many of which are at the northern limits of their geographic distribution. NEW INFORMATION: Quebec hosts multiple entomological specimen depositories, including seven publicly-accessible research collections. One of these, the University of Montreal's Ouellet-Robert Entomological Collection, houses an exceptionally large collection of Odonata. An initial specimen data capture project for this collection gathered 31,595 Quebec Odonata occurrence records, but several Quebec species were missing and geographic coverage was biased towards the Montreal region. To complement this dataset, we undertook to digitise the Odonata records of six other public research collections. They are, in order of Quebec Odonata collection size, the Laval University Entomological Collection, McGill University's Lyman Entomological Museum, the Insectarium of Montreal Research Collection, the Quebec Government's Insect Collection, Bishop's University's Insect Collection and the Laurentian Forestry Centre's René-Martineau Insectarium. Of the 40,447 total specimen occurrence records, 36,951 are identified to the species level, including 137 of the 150 species officially-recorded in Quebec and 2 non-nominotypical subspecies. We here summarise the data and highlight the strengths and weaknesses of the datasets. The complete dataset is available with this publication (Suppl. material 1), whereas the specimen data associated with each collection are available as Darwin Core archives at Canadensys.net and will be updated as appropriate. Colin Favret, Joseph Moisan-De Serres, Maxim Larrivée, Jean-Philippe Lessard.

Introduction

Dragonflies and damselflies (: ) are large charismatic flying insects at the adult stage, aquatic naiads during their immature stages. Both adults and naiads are predatory, the former capturing their prey in flight, the latter using a distinctive extendable labial mask. Albeit generally less sensitive to water quality than mayflies, stoneflies and caddisflies (, and , respectively), naiads can be used as water quality indicators in some situations (Briers and Biggs 2003, Foote and Rice Hornung 2005, Osborn 2005). There are approximately 6,000 described species of (Dijkstra et al. 2013) and the conservation status of a large number of these is of concern (Gerlach et al. 2014, Clausnitzer and Jödicke 2004).

There are 150 species of recorded from the Canadian province of Quebec (151 listed by Savard (2019) minus the newly synonymised Carle, 1993 (Paulson and Dunkle 2018, Pilgrim and Von Dohlen 2007)), representing 70% of the Canadian fauna (Cannings 2019) and one third of the species known from North America (Kalkman et al. 2007). Thanks to years of collection and study (Provancher 1871, Robert 1963, Pilon and Lagacé 1998, Hutchinson and Ménard 2014), the status of Quebec is relatively well-known (Cannings 2019). In places, there appears to be a replacement of specialist species by generalists (Piché and Hutchinson 2016), probably due to anthropogenic habitat change. In order to contribute to the Atlas of Quebec (Savard 2011), to promote the general knowledge of and future research on this group (e.g. Beatty et al. 2010, Grewe et al. 2012, Kalkman et al. 2018) and to facilitate the use of natural history museum data (e.g. Ball-Damerow et al. 2019, Lister 2011, Kharouba et al. 2018), we thought it important to digitise and make publicly accessible the specimen data in Quebec's public entomological collections.

The collections of Quebec

The Ouellet-Robert Entomological Collection at the University of Montreal has an exceptionally large holding of , so when the opportunity presented itself to digitise insect specimen data, this group was an obvious choice (Favret et al. 2019). Of the 33,122 specimen occurrence records in the Ouellet-Robert Collection, 31,595 (95%) are from the Canadian province of Quebec. However, of the 150 species of known from Quebec, the Ouellet-Robert Collection houses only 128 and their distribution records exhibit a "collection bias" (Ferro and Flick 2015) for the Montreal region (Fig. 1). Additionally, despite the large number of records, they are concentrated in a relatively small number of collection localities (222). In order to perform more rigorous distribution modelling and other computational analyses in the future, we sought to broaden the sampling, both geographically and taxonomically, by adding the specimen occurrence records from the other public research collections in Quebec. These include three other university collections and three governmental collections at the city, provincial and federal levels: McGill University's Lyman Museum, Bishop's and Laval Universities, the Insectarium of Montreal, the Government of Quebec and Natural Resources Canada's Laurentian Forestry Centre's Insectarium René Martineau (Table 1).

Figure 1.

Collection localities of the Ouellet-Robert Collection specimens.

Table 1.

Summary of Quebec insect research collections and their Quebec holdings.

Institution	Collection	Location	Canadensys DOI	No. occurrence records	No. species-level records	No. species	No. unique species	No. species-level collection localities
University of Montreal	Ouellet-Robert Collection (QMOR)	Montreal	10.5886/qwvt63fz	31,595	29,982	128	3	222
Laval University	Collection entomologique de l'Université Laval (ULQC)	Quebec City	10.5886/bxbpry	4,994	4,993	122	2	296
McGill University	Lyman Entomological Museum (LEMQ)	Sainte-Anne-de-Bellevue	10.5886/q79vhp1e	1,841	270	45		39
Insectarium of Montreal	(IMQC)	Montreal	10.5886/i6z1vo	922	782	110	1	109
Government of Quebec	Collection d'Insectes du Québec (CIQ)	Quebec City	10.5886/msuujw	655	653	71	1	59
Bishop's University	Bishop's University Insect Collection (BUIC)	Sherbrooke	10.5886/nmcxfj	228	62	19		14
Laurentian Forestry Centre	Insectarium René-Martineau (IRM)	Quebec City	10.5886/d6vnc2	212	209	50		43
		TOTAL		40,459	36,963	137	7	616

Sampling methods

Study extent

We targeted the held in seven public insect research collections of Quebec, but it should be noted that there are a number of other public teaching collections in the many universities and CÉGEPs (post-secondary, pre-university schools) in Quebec. In addition, the amateur entomologist community is organised and active in Quebec (Association des Entomologistes Amateurs du Québec 2020, Entomofaune du Québec 2020) and, given the popularity of collecting, a large amount of material, not catalogued here, is held in private collections.

Sampling description

Data capture followed two distinct protocols. Prior to 2012 (Method 1), the Ouellet-Robert Collection specimen label data were parsed and captured manually and verbatim into an Excel spreadsheet. No photographs were taken. After import into a custom FileMaker Pro (FileMaker, Inc., Santa Clara, California, USA) relational database, locality georeferencing was conducted with reference to a downloaded gazeteer, the Canadian Geographical Names Data Base at Natural Resources Canada. Both the verbatim locality description and the gazeteer's locality name were recorded in the FileMaker database.

For the other six collections, after 2012 (Method 2), the digitisation process largely followed that described by Nelson et al. (2012). Labels of pinned specimens were removed and placed alongside the specimen, a unique identifier label was added and the ensemble was photographed (Fig. 2). Glassine envelopes were photographed as found, with the occasional displacement of the specimens in cases where they obstructed the labels (Fig. 3). Unfortunately, we were inconsistent in our use of callibration scale. We found that the rate of photography was optimal with three workers, the first preparing the specimens, the second photographing them, the third replacing them. With this set-up, we photographed an average of 1.2 pinned specimens and 4.0 envelopes per minute. Photograph files were renamed, either manually or with a simple perl script that added the collection code and sequential numbers, to correspond to each specimen's unique identifier, allowing for batch importation into a rapid-input FileMaker database.

Figure 2.

Example of pinned specimen photograph with labels removed.

Figure 3.

Example of specimens in glassine envelope, photographed in situ.

In order to accelerate data input, only three numbers and one date were captured manually: 1) The taxon, based on the most recent determination, was captured with a reference ID to a nomenclator built on several taxonomic checklists (Paulson and Dunkle 2018, Garrison and von Ellenrieder 2016). 2) The collection locality, with its geoposition coordinates, was recorded with another reference ID to the same gazeteer mentioned above. Finally, 3) the collection date and 4) the number of specimens represented by each museum object (e.g. several specimens in a single glassine envelope (Fig. 3)) were recorded. Taxonomic data were added during batch import of the photographs. The other three data fields were added by hourly undergraduate employees, referencing the photos and the gazeteer. Their average data capture rate of 106 museum objects per hour was speeded up when multiple specimens in a row had been collected at the same locality.

Figures for the efficiency of the Ouellet-Robert Collection data capture are unavailable (Method 1). However, based on previous experience (Favret and Dewalt 2002), we estimate that it proceeded at approximately 12 museum objects per hour. On the other hand, photographing the museum objects first and then choosing to capture only the most critical data assured a higher rate (Method 2). Including photography, file naming and import and data capture, but excluding time for set-up, we averaged 19 objects per person-hour for pinned specimens, 44 for glassine envelopes. Although some data were not captured in the database, for example, the collector and determiner, these are available on the photographs and can be incorporated into the database in the future, as resources allow, without having to re-access the actual physical specimen.

Quality control

The taxonomic nomenclature was referenced with the latest sources and is up-to-date. Additionally, most identifications were made by experts in taxonomy, most notably Adrien Robert and Jean-Marie Perron at the University of Montreal and Laval University, respectively. However, we did not re-identify every specimen and some of the taxonomy has changed since the original identifications, especially those of Robert. Notably, 663 specimens were identified as (Charpentier, 1840), a species now known to be absent from North America. What was labelled as may properly be attributed the name (Hagen, 1861) (Turgeon et al. 2005). Alternatively, some specimens may actually be Gloyd, 1943, as this latter species was once considered a subspecies of (). Taxonomic determination is always subject to error and revision and users of the data should bear this in mind.

Likewise, the geographic latitude and longitude coordinates reference precise localities in Quebec. In most cases, we were able to pinpoint the historical collection locality to within a radius of approximately 10 km, that is, for most towns and lakes. Larger geographic regions, for example, the Montreal metropolis, were assigned an imprecision of 100 km radius. Locality names that did not occur in our geographic gazeteer but that were nonetheless clearly Quebec locations were assigned a geoposition in the geographic centre of the province. These geographic coordinates were assigned a high level of imprecision (i.e. 1,000 km radius) and therefore should be filtered out of any data analysis that requires more specific locality data. Some place names refer to more than one locality and this is especially true for Quebec lakes (for example, the Canadian Geographic Names Data Base contains 144 Quebec entries for "Lac Rond"). We were sometimes able to establish which one was the correct collection locality (much research was conducted at the University of Montreal Laurentian Biological Research Station's Lac Rond), but otherwise we tried to be conservative by selecting a higher geographic level, most commonly the province itself. A certain number of geopositions can be refined in the future; these data will be updated and made available in the Canadensys.net datasets as time and resources allow. The geoposition coordinates were mapped with Simplmappr (Shorthouse 2010) to confirm that they all fell within the province of Quebec and to correct the two that did not.

Geographic coverage

Description

The specimen records are from the province of Quebec, Canada, comprising an area of approximately 1.5 million square km.

Coordinates

44.99˚ and 62.59˚ Latitude; -57.10˚ and -79.76˚ Longitude.

Taxonomic coverage

The specimen data records are all of the insect order , including 137 of the 150 species officially recorded from Quebec. The following list includes all 150 species. The total number of specimen records in the seven collections is in parentheses following each taxon name.

Temporal coverage

Data range: 1875-6-08 – 2015-6-24.

Usage rights

Use license

Creative Commons Public Domain Waiver (CC-Zero)

Data resources

Data package title

Quebec specimen data

Number of data sets

1

Data set 1.

Data set name

Quebec specimen data

Data format

Darwin Core

Number of columns

49

Character set

UTF-8

Description

The dataset contains the specimen-level metadata for Quebec as captured from seven publicly-accessible entomological collections in Quebec (Suppl. material 1). Future updates will be available from each collection at Canadensys.net.

Additional information

Although the Ouellet-Robert Collection accounted for 81% of all the species-level occurrence records (Fig. 4, Table 1), these specimens were collected in a relatively small number of localities, averaging only 45% of all unique localities per species (Figs 1, 5). Adding the other six collections dramatically increased the geographic coverage, especially the University of Laval Collection with as many localities as the Ouellet-Robert Collection (Table 1), including a nice series of specimens from Anticosti Island in the Gulf of Saint Lawrence (Fig. 6). The Insectarium of Montreal and Quebec Insect Collection both have broad geographic sampling (Figs 7, 8), whereas that of the other three collections is narrower, concentrated near Montreal, Sherbrooke and Quebec City (Fig. 9).

Figure 4.

Number of specimen occurrence and unique locality records per species for 137 Quebec species found in all seven collections (black and grey lines) and 128 species found in the Ouellet-Robert Collection (blue and red lines). The dashed line indicates the conservative 25-record threshold calculated by van Proosdij et al. (2015) for developing species distribution models.

Figure 5.

Proportion of unique localities per species provided by Ouellet-Robert Collection specimens versus material provided by all other collections. The first three species are those present at the Ouellet-Robert Collection, but absent elsewhere and the last nine are those present elsewhere, but absent from the Ouellet-Robert Collection.

Figure 6.

Collection localities of the Laval University specimens.

Figure 7.

Collection localities of the Insectarium of Montreal specimens.

Figure 8.

Collection localities of the Quebec Insect Collection specimens.

Figure 9.

Collection localities of the Lyman Museum (circles), Bishop's University (squares) and Insectarium René-Martineau (triangles) specimens, concentrated in the regions of Montreal, Sherbrooke and Quebec City, respectively.

Adding the other collections also increased the taxonomic coverage. Whereas specimens of three species are held only at the Ouellet-Robert Collection, nine species, absent from this collection, are held elsewhere (Fig. 5), including four held only in a single other collection (Table 1). In all, seven species are present in a single collection each, whereas only seven are present in all seven collections (Table 2). The temporal coverage also broadened considerably with the addition of the other six collections. Whereas overall sampling is dominated by the Ouellet-Robert Collection, mostly thanks to the efforts of its long-time curator, Adrien Robert (Robert 1963), there is almost no material from the mid-1970s onwards (Fig. 10). It is the Laval University Collection that provides the vast majority of the material collected during the 1970s and then especially from the 1990s to 2010. This latter collection is in especially nice curatorial condition thanks to the work of Jean-Marie Perron.

Table 2.

Number of Quebec species deposited in no collection (absent from all collections), a single collection, two to six collections or all seven collections.

Number of collections	Number of species
No collections	13
1 collection	7
2 collections	21
3 collections	30
4 collections	28
5 collections	19
6 collections	25
All 7 collections	7
TOTAL	150

Figure 10.

Number of species-level occurrence records from the four largest collections collected in each five-year interval.

The volume of material in the combined dataset should be useful for future modelling and other distribution-related analyses. More than half of the species are represented by over 100 specimens in the combined dataset (Fig. 4). If we restrict future work to only those species for which we have the conservative estimate of 25 unique records suggested by van Proosdij et al. (2015), 25 species at the Ouellet-Robert Collection and 57 across all collections are suitable for distribution modelling (Fig. 4). Using this admittedly somewhat arbitrary metric, the additional 19% of material gained by digitising the in the six other collections represents a two-fold improvement.

Quebec specimen data

Data type: occurences

Brief description: Specimen metadata as of 16-12-2019, in Darwin Core format, for the Quebec specimens deposited in seven publicly-accessible research collections in Quebec, Canada.

File: oo_365494.csv

Rank	Scientific Name
order	Odonata (40,447)
suborder	Anisoptera (20,552)	Dragonflies
family	Aeshnidae Leach in Brewster, 1815 (4,339)	Darners
genus	Aeshna Fabricius, 1775 (3,690)	Mosaic darners
species	Aeshna canadensis Walker, 1908 (752)	Canada darner
species	Aeshna clepsydra Say, 1839 (6)	Mottled darner
species	Aeshna constricta Say, 1839 (119)	Lance-tipped darner
species	Aeshna eremita Scudder, 1866 (990)	Lake darner
species	Aeshna interrupta Walker, 1908 (583)	Variable darner
subspecies	Aeshna interrupta interna Walker, 1908 (82)
subspecies	Aeshna interrupta interrupta Walker, 1908 (46)
species	Aeshna juncea (Linnaeus, 1758) (60)	Sedge darner
species	Aeshna septentrionalis Burmeister, 1839 (3)	Azure darner
species	Aeshna sitchensis Hagen, 1861 (105)	Zigzag darner
species	Aeshna subarctica Walker, 1908 (157)	Subarctic darner
subspecies	Aeshna subarctica subarctica Walker, 1908 (16)
species	Aeshna tuberculifera Walker, 1908 (83)	Black-tipped darner
species	Aeshna umbrosa Walker, 1908 (772)	Shadow darner
subspecies	Aeshna umbrosa umbrosa Walker, 1908 (29)
species	Aeshna verticalis Hagen, 1861 (27)	Green-striped darner
genus	Anax Leach, 1815 (95)	Green darners
species	Anax junius (Drury, 1770) (95)	Common green darner
species	Anax longipes Hagen, 1861 (0)	Comet darner
genus	Basiaeschna Selys, 1883 (262)	Springtime darner
species	Basiaeschna janata (Say, 1839) (261)	Springtime darner
genus	Boyeria McLachlan, 1895 (151)	Spotted darners
species	Boyeria grafiana Williamson, 1907 (26)	Ocellated darner
species	Boyeria vinosa (Say, 1839) (121)	Fawn darner
genus	Epiaeschna Hagen, 1877 (23)	Swamp darner
species	Epiaeschna heros (Fabricius, 1798) (23)	Swamp darner
genus	Gomphaeschna Selys, 1871 (15)	Pygmy darners
species	Gomphaeschna furcillata (Say, 1839) (15)	Harlequin darner
genus	Nasiaeschna Selys in Förster, 1900 (0)	Cyrano darner
species	Nasiaeschna pentacantha (Rambur, 1842) (0)	Cyrano darner
genus	Rhionaeshna Förster, 1909 (0)	Neotropical darners
species	Rhionaeshna mutata (Hagen, 1861) (0)	Spatterdock darner
family	Cordulegastridae Hagen, 1877 (661)	Spiketails
genus	Cordulegaster Leach, 1815 (631)	Spiketails
species	Cordulegaster diastatops (Selys, 1854) (314)	Delta-spotted spiketail
species	Cordulegaster maculata Selys, 1854 (289)	Twin-spotted spiketail
species	Cordulegaster obliqua (Say, 1839) (22)	Arrowhead spiketail
family	Corduliidae Selys, 1850 (4,194)	Emeralds
genus	Cordulia Leach, 1815 (1,229)	Common emeralds
species	Cordulia shurtleffi Scudder, 1866 (1,211)	American emerald
genus	Dorocordulia Needham, 1901 (193)	Little emeralds
species	Dorocordulia libera (Selys, 1871) (193)	Racket-tailed emerald
genus	Epitheca Burmeister, 1839 (1,232)	Baskettails
species	Epitheca canis (McLachlan, 1886) (503)	Beaverpond baskettail
species	Epitheca cynosura (Say, 1839) (285)	Common baskettail
species	Epitheca princeps Hagen, 1861 (95)	Prince baskettail
species	Epitheca spinigera (Selys, 1871) (339)	Spiny baskettail
genus	Helocordulia Needham, 1901 (350)	Sundragons
species	Helocordulia uhleri (Selys, 1871) (349)	Uhler's sundragon
genus	Neurocordulia Selys, 1871 (20)	Shadowdragons
species	Neurocordulia michaeli Brunelle, 2000 (0)	Broad-tailed shadowdragon
species	Neurocordulia yamaskanensis (Provancher, 1875) (19)	Stygian shadowdragon
genus	Somatochlora Selys, 1871 (1,082)	Striped emeralds
species	Somatochlora albicincta (Burmeister, 1839) (232)	Ringed emerald
species	Somatochlora brevicincta Robert, 1954 (10)	Quebec emerald
species	Somatochlora cingulata (Selys, 1871) (191)	Lake emerald
species	Somatochlora elongata (Scudder, 1866) (184)	Ski-tipped emerald
species	Somatochlora filosa (Hagen, 1861) (1)	Fine-lined emerald
species	Somatochlora forcipata (Scudder, 1866) (29)	Forcipate emerald
species	Somatochlora franklini (Selys, 1878) (27)	Delicate emerald
species	Somatochlora incurvata Walker, 1918 (2)	Incurvate emerald
species	Somatochlora kennedyi Walker, 1918 (57)	Kennedy's emerald
species	Somatochlora linearis (Hagen, 1861) (0)	Mocha emerald
species	Somatochlora minor Calvert, 1898 (147)	Ocellated emerald
species	Somatochlora septentrionalis (Hagen, 1861) (10)	Muskeg emerald
species	Somatochlora tenebrosa (Say, 1839) (9)	Clamp-tipped emerald
species	Somatochlora walshii (Scudder, 1866) (65)	Brush-tipped emerald
species	Somatochlora whitehousei Walker, 1925 (1)	Whitehouse's emerald
species	Somatochlora williamsoni Walker, 1907 (104)	Williamson's emerald
genus	Williamsonia Davis, 1913 (3)	Boghaunters
species	Williamsonia fletcheri Williamson, 1923 (3)	Ebony boghaunter
family	Gomphidae Rambur, 1842 (2,266)	Clubtails
genus	Arigomphus Needham, 1897 (42)	Pond clubtails
species	Arigomphus cornutus (Tough, 1900) (21)	Horned clubtail
species	Arigomphus furcifer (Hagen, 1878) (21)	Lilypad clubtail
genus	Dromogomphus Selys, 1854 (112)	Spinylegs
species	Dromogomphus spinosus (Selys, 1854) (112)	Black-shouldered spinyleg
genus	Gomphurus Needham, 1901 (112)	Majestic clubtails
species	Gomphurus fraternus (Say, 1839) (24)	Midland clubtail
species	Gomphurus vastus (Walsh, 1862) (84)	Cobra clubtail
species	Gomphurus ventricosus (Walsh, 1863) (4)	Skillet clubtail
genus	Hagenius Selys, 1854 (49)	Dragonhunter
species	Hagenius brevistylus Selys, 1854 (49)	Dragonhunter
genus	Hylogomphus Needham, Westfall & May, 2000 (122)	Bantam clubtails
species	Hylogomphus adelphus (Selys, 1858) (122)	Mustached clubtail
genus	Lanthus Needham, 1897 (45)	Bantam clubtails
species	Lanthus parvulus (Selys, 1834) (44)	Northern pygmy clubtail
genus	Ophiogomphus Selys, 1854 (324)	Snaketails
species	Ophiogomphus anomalus Harvey, 1898 (6)	Extra-striped snaketail
species	Ophiogomphus aspersus Morse, 1895 (52)	Brook snaketail
species	Ophiogomphus carolus Needham, 1897 (40)	Riffle snaketail
species	Ophiogomphus colubrinus Selys, 1854 (147)	Boreal snaketail
species	Ophiogomphus mainensis Packard, 1863 (32)	Maine snaketail
species	Ophiogomphus rupinsulensis (Walsh, 1862) (36)	Rusty snaketail
genus	Phanogomphus Carle, 1986 (1,156)	American clubtails
species	Phanogomphus borealis (Needham, 1901) (95)	Beaverpond clubtail
species	Phanogomphus descriptus (Banks, 1896) (62)	Harpoon clubtail
species	Phanogomphus exilis (Selys, 1854) (572)	Lancet clubtail
species	Phanogomphus lividus (Selys, 1854) (2)	Ashy clubtail
species	Phanogomphus spicatus (Hagen in Selys, 1854) (425)	Dusky clubtail
genus	Progomphus Selys, 1854 (0)	Sanddragons
species	Progomphus obscurus (Rambur, 1842) (0)	Common sanddragon
genus	Stylogomphus Fraser, 1922 (58)	Least clubtails
species	Stylogomphus albistylus (Hagen in Selys, 1878) (58)	Eastern least clubtail
genus	Stylurus Needham, 1897 (185)	Hanging clubtails
species	Stylurus amnicola (Walsh, 1862) (10)	Riverine clubtail
species	Stylurus notatus (Rambur, 1842) (96)	Elusive clubtail
species	Stylurus scudderi (Selys, 1873) (55)	Zebra clubtail
species	Stylurus spiniceps (Walsh, 1862) (24)	Arrow clubtail
family	Libellulidae Leach in Brewster, 1815 (8,781)	Skimmers
genus	Celithemis Hagen, 1861 (14)	Small pennants
species	Celithemis elisa (Hagen, 1861) (11)	Calico pennant
species	Celithemis eponina (Drury, 1773) (3)	Halloween pennant
genus	Erythemis Hagen, 1861 (17)	Pondhawks
species	Erythemis simplicicollis (Say, 1839) (17)	Eastern pondhawk
genus	Erythrodiplax Brauer, 1868 (2)	Dragonlets
species	Erythrodiplax berenice (Drury, 1770) (2)	Seaside dragonlet
genus	Ladona Needham, 1899 (812)	Corporals
species	Ladona julia (Uhler, 1857) (812)	Chalk-fronted corporal
genus	Leucorrhinia Brittinger, 1850 (3,239)	Whitefaces
species	Leucorrhinia frigida Hagen, 1890 (83)	Frosted whiteface
species	Leucorrhinia glacialis Hagen, 1890 (1,147)	Crimson-ringed whiteface
species	Leucorrhinia hudsonica (Selys, 1850) (935)	Hudsonian whiteface
species	Leucorrhinia intacta (Hagen, 1861) (213)	Dot-tailed whiteface
species	Leucorrhinia patricia Walker, 1940 (26)	Canada whiteface
species	Leucorrhinia proxima Calvert, 1890 (822)	Belted whiteface
genus	Libellula Linnaeus, 1758 (613)	King skimmers
species	Libellula incesta Hagen, 1861 (16)	Slaty skimmer
species	Libellula luctuosa Burmeister, 1839 (51)	Widow skimmer
species	Libellula pulchella Drury, 1773 (127)	Twelve-spotted skimmer
species	Libellula quadrimaculata Linnaeus, 1758 (411)	Four-spotted skimmer
species	Libellula semifasciata Burmeister, 1839 (0)	Painted skimmer
genus	Nannothemis Brauer, 1868 (339)	Elfin skimmer
species	Nannothemis bella (Uhler, 1857) (339)	Elfin skimmer
genus	Pachydiplax Brauer, 1868 (6)	Blue dasher
species	Pachydiplax longipennis (Burmeister, 1839) (6)	Blue dasher
genus	Pantala Hagen, 1861 (31)	Rainpool gliders
species	Pantala flavescens (Fabricius, 1789) (26)	Wandering glider
species	Pantala hymenaea (Say, 1839) (5)	Spot-winged glider
genus	Perithemis Hagen, 1861 (0)	Amberwings
species	Perithemis tenera (Say, 1839) (0)	Eastern amberwing
genus	Plathemis Hagen, 1861 (258)	Whitetails
species	Plathemis lydia (Drury, 1770) (258)	Common whitetail
genus	Sympetrum Newman, 1833 (2,967)	Meadowhawks
species	Sympetrum corruptum (Hagen, 1861) (0)	Variegated meadowhawk
species	Sympetrum costiferum (Hagen, 1861) (298)	Saffron-winged meadowhawk
species	Sympetrum danae (Sulzer, 1776) (325)	Black meadowhawk
species	Sympetrum internum Montgomery, 1943 (297)	Cherry-faced meadowhawk
species	Sympetrum obtrusum Hagen, 1867 (1,428)	White-faced meadowhawk
species	Sympetrum rubicundulum (Say, 1839) (28)	Ruby meadowhawk
species	Sympetrum semicinctum (Say, 1839) (93)	Band-winged meadowhawk
species	Sympetrum vicinum (Hagen, 1861) (471)	Autumn meadowhawk
genus	Tramea Hagen, 1861 (1)	Saddlebags
species	Tramea lacerata Hagen, 1861 (1)	Black saddlebags
family	Macromiidae Needham, 1903 (311)	Cruisers
genus	Didymops Rambur, 1842 (230)	Brown cruisers
species	Didymops transversa (Say, 1839) (230)	Stream cruiser
genus	Macromia Rambur, 1842 (81)	River cruisers
species	Macromia illinoiensis Walsh, 1862 (80)	Swift river cruiser
suborder	Zygoptera (17,815)	Damselflies
family	Calopterygidae Selys, 1850 (1,588)	Broad-winged damsels
genus	Calopteryx Leach, 1815 (1,483)	Jewelwings
species	Calopteryx aequabilis Say, 1839 (363)	River jewelwing
species	Calopteryx amata Hagen, 1889 (308)	Superb jewelwing
species	Calopteryx maculata (Beauvois, 1805) (750)	Ebony jewelwing
genus	Hetaerina Hagen in Selys, 1853 (31)	Rubyspots
species	Hetaerina americana (Fabricius, 1798) (10)	American rubyspot
family	Coenagrionidae Kirby, 1890 (11,583)	Pond damsels
genus	Amphiagrion Selys, 1876 (97)	Red damsels
species	Amphiagrion saucium (Burmeister, 1839) (97)	Eastern red damsel
genus	Argia Rambur, 1842 (365)	Dancers
species	Argia apicalis (Say, 1839) (0)	Blue-fronted dancer
species	Argia fumipennis (Burmeister, 1839) (109)	Variable dancer
subspecies	Argia fumipennis violacea (Hagen, 1861) (109)
species	Argia moesta (Hagen, 1861) (250)	Powdered dancer
genus	Chromagrion Needham, 1903 (404)	Aurora damsel
species	Chromagrion conditum (Hagen in Selys, 1876) (404)	Aurora damsel
genus	Coenagrion Kirby, 1890 (1,010)	Eurasian bluets
species	Coenagrion interrogatum (Hagen in Selys, 1876) (591)	Subarctic bluet
species	Coenagrion resolutum (Hagen in Selys, 1876) (419)	Taiga bluet
genus	Enallagma Charpentier, 1840 (6,873)	American bluets
species	Enallagma anna Williamson, 1900 (0)	River bluet
species	Enallagma annexum (Hagen, 1861) (632)	Northern bluet
species	Enallagma antennatum (Say, 1839) (131)	Rainbow bluet
species	Enallagma aspersum (Hagen, 1861) (387)	Azure bluet
species	Enallagma boreale (Selys, 1875) (2,744)	Boreal bluet
species	Enallagma carunculatum Morse, 1895 (190)	Tule bluet
species	Enallagma civile (Hagen, 1861) (29)	Familiar bluet
species	Enallagma clausum Morse, 1895 (18)	Alkali bluet
species	Enallagma ebrium (Hagen, 1861) (747)	Marsh bluet
species	Enallagma exsulans (Hagen, 1861) (142)	Stream bluet
species	Enallagma geminatum Kellicott, 1895 (30)	Skimming bluet
species	Enallagma hageni (Walsh, 1863) (1,361)	Hagen's bluet
species	Enallagma signatum (Hagen, 1861) (101)	Orange bluet
species	Enallagma traviatum (Selys, 1876) (0)	Slender bluet
species	Enallagma vernale Gloyd, 1943 (221)	Vernal bluet
species	Enallagma vesperum Calvert, 1919 (89)	Vesper bluet
genus	Ischnura Charpentier, 1840 (1,289)	Forktails
species	Ischnura hastata (Say, 1839) (0)	Citrine forktail
species	Ischnura posita (Hagen, 1861) (8)	Fragile forktail
species	Ischnura verticalis (Say, 1839) (1,277)	Eastern forktail
genus	Nehalennia Selys, 1850 (1,455)	Sprites
species	Nehalennia gracilis Morse, 1895 (583)	Sphagnum sprite
species	Nehalennia irene (Hagen, 1861) (866)	Sedge sprite
family	Lestidae Calvert, 1901 (4,644)	Spreadwings
genus	Lestes Leach, 1815 (4,472)	Pond spreadwings
species	Lestes congener Hagen, 1861 (695)	Spotted spreadwing
species	Lestes disjunctus Selys, 1862 (2,187)	Northern spreadwing
species	Lestes dryas Kirby, 1890 (376)	Emerald spreadwing
species	Lestes eurinus Say, 1839 (470)	Amber-winged spreadwing
species	Lestes forcipatus Rambur, 1842 (256)	Sweetflag spreadwing
species	Lestes inaequalis Walsh, 1862 (22)	Elegant spreadwing
species	Lestes rectangularis Say, 1839 (133)	Slender spreadwing
species	Lestes unguiculatus Hagen, 1861 (298)	Lyre-tipped spreadwing
species	Lestes vigilax Hagen in Selys, 1862 (15)	Swamp spreadwing

Data set 1.

Column label	Column description
occurrenceID	The globally unique identifier for the record.
type	The nature or genre of the resource, i.e. "PhysicalObject".
modified	The most recent date on which the resource was changed.
language	The language of the resource, i.e. English and/or French, "en|fr".
licence	The legal document giving official permission to do something with the resource. i.e. "http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/legalcode".
rightsHolder	The organisation owning or managing rights over the resource, e.g. "Université de Montréal".
bibliographicCitation	A bibliographic reference for the resource as a statement indicating how this record should be cited (attributed) when used, e.g. "QMOR1"
collectionID	An LSID for the collection or dataset from which the record was derived, e.g. "urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34164".
datasetID	The DOI for the original Canadensys source of the data, e.g. "10.5886/qwvt63fz".
institutionCode	The name of the institution having custody of the object(s) or information referred to in the record, e.g. "Université de Montréal".
collectionCode	The coden identifying the collection or dataset from which the record was derived, e.g. "QMOR".
datasetName	The name identifying the dataset from which the record was derived, e.g. "Ouellet-Robert Entomological Collection".
basisOfRecord	The specific nature of the data record, i.e. "PreservedSpecimen".
catalogNumber	An identifier for the record within the dataset or collection, e.g. "QMOR1.001", where "QMOR1" refers to the museum object (e.g. the vial or envelope) and ".001" refers to one or several specimens contained in that museum object.
recordedBy	The primary collector or collectors of the specimen(s), e.g. "Robert, Adrien".
individualCount	The number of individuals represented in the data record.
sex	The sex of the biological individual(s) represented by the specimens, i.e. "Male" or "Female".
lifeStage	The age class or life stage of the biological individual(s), i.e. "Adult", "Immature", "Exuvium" or "Egg".
preparations	The preparation and preservation method for the specimens, i.e. "Envelope", "Pin", "Vial" or "Pill box".
otherCatalogNumbers	An identifier for the museum object within the dataset or collection, e.g. "QMOR1". See catalogNumber.
eventDate	The date or interval during which the collection event occurred, e.g. "2012-01-05".
startDayOfYear	The first possible day of the year that the collection event occurred, i.e. between 1 and 365.
endDayOfYear	The last possible day of the year that the collection event occurred, i.e. between 1 and 365.
year	The four-digit year in which the collection event occurred, according to the Common Era Calendar, i.e. between 1875 and 2015.
month	The ordinal month in which the collection event occurred, i.e. between 1 and 12.
day	The integer day of the month on which the collection event occurred, i.e. between 1 and 31.
continent	The name of the continent on which the collection occurred, i.e. "North America".
country	The name of the country in which the collection occurred, i.e. "Canada".
stateProvince	The name of the next smaller administrative region than country (state, province, canton, department, region etc.) in which the collection occurred, i.e. "Quebec".
locality	The specific description of the place. This term may contain information modified from the original to correct perceived errors or standardise the description, e.g. "Saint-Hippolyte, Station de Biologie des Laurentides de l'Université de Montréal, Route de la station".
decimalLatitude	The geographic latitude in decimal degrees of the geographic centre of a Location. Positive values are north of the Equator, negative values are south of it.
decimalLongitude	The geographic longitude in decimal degrees of the geographic centre of a Location. Positive values are east of the Greenwich Meridian, negative values are west of it.
coordinateUncertaintyInMetres	The horizontal distance in metres from the given decimalLatitude and decimalLongitude describing the smallest circle containing the whole of the Location.
georeferenceSources	A list (concatenated and separated) of maps, gazetteers or other resources used to georeference the Location, i.e. "Canadian Geographic Names Data Base", "Google Maps", "Google Earth".
identifiedBy	The primary determiner or determiners of the specimen(s), e.g. "Robert, Adrien".
dateIdentified	The date (year) on which the specimen was determined, e.g. "1972".
scientificName	The full scientific name, as given by the determiner, with authorship and date information if known, e.g. "Gomphus descriptus Banks, 1896".
acceptedNameUsage	The full name, with authorship and date information if known, of the currently valid name of the taxon, e.g. "Phanogomphus descriptus (Banks, 1896)".
kingdom	The full scientific name of the kingdom in which the taxon is classified, i.e. "Metazoa".
phylum	The full scientific name of the phylum or division in which the taxon is classified, i.e. "Arthropoda".
class	The full scientific name of the class in which the taxon is classified, i.e. "Insecta".
order	The full scientific name of the order in which the taxon is classified, i.e. "Odonata".
family	The full scientific name of the family in which the taxon is classified, e.g. "Aeshnidae".
genus	The full scientific name of the genus in which the taxon is classified, e.g. "Aeshna".
specificEpithet	The name of the species epithet of the scientificName, e.g. "interrupta".
infraspecificEpithet	The name of the subspecific epithet of the scientificName, e.g. "interna".
taxonRank	The taxonomic rank of the most specific name in the scientificName, i.e. "Family", "Genus", "Species" or "Subspecies".
scientificNameAuthorship	The authorship information for the scientificName formatted according to the conventions of the applicable nomenclaturalCode, e.g. "Walker, 1908".
nomenclaturalCode	The code of nomenclature that governs the scientificName, i.e. "ICZN", the International Code of Zoological Nomenclature.