Zahra Aslani1,2, Maryam Bahreynian3,4, Nazli Namazi5, Nitin Shivappa6,7,8, James R Hébert6,7,8, Hamid Asayesh9, Mohammad Esmaeil Motlagh10, Mohammad Ali Pourmirzaei3, Amir Kasaeian11,12, Armita Mahdavi-Gorabi13, Mostafa Qorbani14,15, Roya Kelishadi3. 1. Department of Community Nutrition, School of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran. 2. Students Scientific Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran. 3. Child Growth and Development Research Center, Research Institute for Primordial Prevention of Non-Communicable Disease, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran. 4. Student Research Committee, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran. 5. Diabetes Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Clinical Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran. 6. Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC, USA. 7. Cancer Prevention and Control Program, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC, USA. 8. Connecting Health Innovations, LLC, Columbia, SC, USA. 9. Department of Medical Emergencies, Qom University of Medical Sciences, Qom, Iran. 10. Department of Pediatrics, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran. 11. Hematology-Oncology and Stem Cell Transplantation Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran. 12. Hematologic Malignancies Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran. 13. Chronic Diseases Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Population Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran. 14. Non-Communicable Diseases Research Center, Alborz University of Medical Sciences, Karaj, Iran. mqorbani1379@yahoo.com. 15. Endocrinology and Metabolism Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Clinical Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran. mqorbani1379@yahoo.com.
Abstract
PURPOSE: High dietary acid load (DAL) may have an influence on anthropometric indices. Given that there was no study on the association between DAL and anthropometric indices children and adolescents, the current study was aimed to examine the association between DAL and anthropometric indices in Iranian children and adolescents. METHODS: Students aged 6-18 years were recruited using a multi-stage, cluster sampling method from 30 provinces of Iran. Dietary intake was assessed through a validated food frequency questionnaire. Height (Ht), weight (Wt), neck circumference (NC), waist circumference (WC), wrist circumference, and hip circumference (HC) were measured. WC-to-HC ratio (WHR), WC-to-Ht ratio (WHtR), body mass index (BMI) z-score, tri-ponderal mass index (TMI), and parental BMI were computed. Potential renal acid load (PRAL) and net endogenous acid production (NEAP) were used to estimate DAL. The association between DAL and anthropometric indices was evaluated using linear regression models. RESULTS: In total, 5326 students (46.92% girls), with mean (standard deviations (SD)) age of 12.50 (3.14) years participated in the study (response rate: 98.13%). After adjusting for confounders, there was a significant association between NEAP and NC (P < 0.05). Also, an inverse association was observed between PRAL and NEAP with parental BMI (P < 0.05). CONCLUSION: Our findings showed a direct association between diet-induced acid load and NC and an inverse association between DAL indices and parental BMI. More well-designed clinical studies are warranted to confirm our results and the underlying mechanisms. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE: Level V, cross-sectional descriptive study.
PURPOSE: High dietary acid load (DAL) may have an influence on anthropometric indices. Given that there was no study on the association between DAL and anthropometric indices children and adolescents, the current study was aimed to examine the association between DAL and anthropometric indices in Iranian children and adolescents. METHODS: Students aged 6-18 years were recruited using a multi-stage, cluster sampling method from 30 provinces of Iran. Dietary intake was assessed through a validated food frequency questionnaire. Height (Ht), weight (Wt), neck circumference (NC), waist circumference (WC), wrist circumference, and hip circumference (HC) were measured. WC-to-HC ratio (WHR), WC-to-Ht ratio (WHtR), body mass index (BMI) z-score, tri-ponderal mass index (TMI), and parental BMI were computed. Potential renal acid load (PRAL) and net endogenous acid production (NEAP) were used to estimate DAL. The association between DAL and anthropometric indices was evaluated using linear regression models. RESULTS: In total, 5326 students (46.92% girls), with mean (standard deviations (SD)) age of 12.50 (3.14) years participated in the study (response rate: 98.13%). After adjusting for confounders, there was a significant association between NEAP and NC (P < 0.05). Also, an inverse association was observed between PRAL and NEAP with parental BMI (P < 0.05). CONCLUSION: Our findings showed a direct association between diet-induced acid load and NC and an inverse association between DAL indices and parental BMI. More well-designed clinical studies are warranted to confirm our results and the underlying mechanisms. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE: Level V, cross-sectional descriptive study.
Entities:
Keywords:
Body mass index; Diet; Dietary acid load; Obesity; Waist–hip ratio
Authors: Cynthia L Ogden; Margaret D Carroll; Hannah G Lawman; Cheryl D Fryar; Deanna Kruszon-Moran; Brian K Kit; Katherine M Flegal Journal: JAMA Date: 2016-06-07 Impact factor: 56.272
Authors: R Kelishadi; G Ardalan; R Gheiratmand; R Majdzadeh; M Hosseini; M M Gouya; E M Razaghi; A Delavari; M Motaghian; H Barekati; M S Mahmoud-Arabi; K Lock Journal: Child Care Health Dev Date: 2008-01 Impact factor: 2.508