Emad Tahir1,2, Pierre Ayotte1,2,3, Matthew Little2,4, Richard E Bélanger2,5, Michel Lucas1,2, Donna Mergler6, Elhadji A Laouan Sidi1, Nancy Gros-Louis McHugh7, Mélanie Lemire8,9,10. 1. Département de médecine sociale et préventive, Université Laval, Quebec City, QC, Canada. 2. Axe santé des populations et pratiques optimales en santé, Centre de recherche du CHU de Québec, Université Laval, Quebec City, QC, Canada. 3. Centre de toxicologie du Québec, INSPQ, Quebec City, Canada. 4. School of Public Health and Social Policy, University of Victoria, Victoria, Canada. 5. Département de pédiatrie, Université Laval, Quebec City, QC, Canada. 6. CINBIOSE, Université du Québec à Montréal, Montreal, QC, Canada. 7. First Nations of Québec and Labrador Health and Social Services Commission, Wendake, QC, Canada. 8. Département de médecine sociale et préventive, Université Laval, Quebec City, QC, Canada. melanie.lemire@crchudequebec.ulaval.ca. 9. Axe santé des populations et pratiques optimales en santé, Centre de recherche du CHU de Québec, Université Laval, Quebec City, QC, Canada. melanie.lemire@crchudequebec.ulaval.ca. 10. Centre de Recherche du CHU de Québec, Hôpital du Saint-Sacrement, 1050 chemin Sainte-Foy, Quebec City, QC, G1S 4L8, Canada. melanie.lemire@crchudequebec.ulaval.ca.
Abstract
OBJECTIVES: Anemia and iron deficiency (ID) are frequent among Indigenous children of Canada, but few data are available in Quebec. The present study aimed to characterize anemia and ID prevalence and associated protective and risk factors among First Nations youth in Quebec. METHODS: The 2015 First Nations (JES!-YEH!) pilot study was conducted among children and adolescents (3 to 19 years; n = 198) from four First Nations communities in Quebec. Blood and urine samples and anthropometric measurements were collected. Hemoglobin (Hb), serum ferritin (SF), plasma hs-CRP, and urinary cotinine levels were measured. Factors associated with anemia and ID (including traditional and market food consumption) were assessed using an interview-administered food frequency questionnaire, based on which nutritional intakes were calculated. Structural equation models were used to test associations. RESULTS: The prevalence of anemia and ID was elevated (16.8% and 20.5% respectively). Traditional meat, fruit, and fruit juice (natural and powdered)-via their positive association with vitamin C intake-were the only food variables positively associated with SF (coefficient [95% CI] 0.017 [0.000, 0.114]; 0.090 [0.027, 0.161]; and 0.237 [0.060, 0.411]). Male sex was also associated with higher SF (0.295 [0.093, 0.502]). Inflammation status (hs-CRP > 5 mg/L) was inversely associated with Hb (- 0.015 [- 0.025, - 0.005]), whereas SF was positively associated with Hb (0.066 [0.040, 0.096]). Fruit and juice consumption was also positively associated with Hb, via vitamin C intake and SF (0.004 [0.001, 0.010]; 0.008 [0.003, 0.017]). CONCLUSIONS: Interventions fostering healthier food environments as well as higher consumption of traditional meats and foods naturally rich in vitamin C, which is known to enhance iron absorption, and fighting inflammation could contribute to decrease the high prevalence of anemia and ID in this young Indigenous population.
OBJECTIVES:Anemia and iron deficiency (ID) are frequent among Indigenous children of Canada, but few data are available in Quebec. The present study aimed to characterize anemia and ID prevalence and associated protective and risk factors among First Nations youth in Quebec. METHODS: The 2015 First Nations (JES!-YEH!) pilot study was conducted among children and adolescents (3 to 19 years; n = 198) from four First Nations communities in Quebec. Blood and urine samples and anthropometric measurements were collected. Hemoglobin (Hb), serum ferritin (SF), plasma hs-CRP, and urinary cotinine levels were measured. Factors associated with anemia and ID (including traditional and market food consumption) were assessed using an interview-administered food frequency questionnaire, based on which nutritional intakes were calculated. Structural equation models were used to test associations. RESULTS: The prevalence of anemia and ID was elevated (16.8% and 20.5% respectively). Traditional meat, fruit, and fruit juice (natural and powdered)-via their positive association with vitamin C intake-were the only food variables positively associated with SF (coefficient [95% CI] 0.017 [0.000, 0.114]; 0.090 [0.027, 0.161]; and 0.237 [0.060, 0.411]). Male sex was also associated with higher SF (0.295 [0.093, 0.502]). Inflammation status (hs-CRP > 5 mg/L) was inversely associated with Hb (- 0.015 [- 0.025, - 0.005]), whereas SF was positively associated with Hb (0.066 [0.040, 0.096]). Fruit and juice consumption was also positively associated with Hb, via vitamin C intake and SF (0.004 [0.001, 0.010]; 0.008 [0.003, 0.017]). CONCLUSIONS: Interventions fostering healthier food environments as well as higher consumption of traditional meats and foods naturally rich in vitamin C, which is known to enhance iron absorption, and fighting inflammation could contribute to decrease the high prevalence of anemia and ID in this young Indigenous population.
Entities:
Keywords:
Childhood anemia; First Nations; Inflammation; Iron deficiency; Vitamin C
Authors: Eric N Liberda; Aleksandra M Zuk; Ian D Martin; Leonard J S Tsuji Journal: Int J Environ Res Public Health Date: 2020-10-28 Impact factor: 3.390