Alan Bruno Silva Vasconcelos1, Antônio Gomes de Resende-Neto2, Albernon Costa Nogueira2, José Carlos Aragão-Santos3, Marcos Raphael Pereira Monteiro3, Gilberto Santos Morais Junior4, Gleiciane Gontijo Avelar4, Enilton Aparecido Camargo3, Otávio de Toledo Nóbrega4, Marzo Edir Da Silva-Grigoletto5. 1. Department of Physiology, Post Graduate Program in Physiology Sciences, Federal University of Sergipe, São Cristóvão, Brazil. Electronic address: abs.vasconcelos@gmail.com. 2. Department of Physical Education, Post Graduate Program in Physical Education, Federal University of Sergipe, São Cristóvão, Brazil. 3. Department of Physiology, Post Graduate Program in Physiology Sciences, Federal University of Sergipe, São Cristóvão, Brazil. 4. Post-graduate Program in Health Sciences, University of Brasília (UnB-DF), Brasília, Brazil. 5. Department of Physiology, Post Graduate Program in Physiology Sciences, Federal University of Sergipe, São Cristóvão, Brazil; Department of Physical Education, Post Graduate Program in Physical Education, Federal University of Sergipe, São Cristóvão, Brazil.
Abstract
BACKGROUND: Aging is a natural process that, even in the nonattendance of complex diseases, is associated with a numerous behavioral change that attributes reduced muscle mass, power, strength and function. In addition, aging linked to low-grade inflammatory status, characterized by increased plasma concentrations of inflammatory cytokines such as TNF-α and IL-6. Physical exercise is the main non-pharmacological strategy for improving the physical fitness of the aged individuals. However, it is still controversial whether exercise can reduce aging-mediated inflammation. OBJECTIVE: To analyze the effects of functional (FT) and traditional (TT) training practice on muscle power and inflammatory profile in physically active older women. METHODS: The study has been performed for twenty-six weeks in which twenty-four weeks utilized for training sessions and two weeks for physical and biochemical assessments. Forty-three older women (age FT: 64.25 ± 4.70, range: 60-75; TT: 64.90 ± 3.03, range: 60-71; Control: 65.91 ± 5.79, range: 60-75) were randomly divided into three groups: Functional (FT; n = 16); Traditional (TT; n = 16) training groups; and Control Group (CG; n = 11) respectively. Muscle power tests were performed by push (Bench press) and squatting (Squat) actions. The jumping ability was performed through Counter Movement Jump (CMJ). In addition, isometric strength were assessed by Hand Grip Test. Plasma cytokine concentration was measured using flow cytometry. RESULTS: Functional and traditional training sessions subjected to aged women demonstrated a significant enhancement in their physical activity and muscle power. The trained individuals from above two groups showed significant improvements in all analyzed parameters excluding hand-grip. Functional and traditional training exercise reduced the plasma concentrations of TNF-α (FT: p = 0.0001; TT: p = 0.0410) and whereas FT group has reduced IL-6 (p = 0.0072), but did not affect the alterations of pre and post measurements of IL-2 (FT: p = 0.0651; TT: p = 0.2146) and IL-10 values (FT: p = 0.2658; TT: p = 0.3116). There was no significant difference in any of the test parameters between FT and TT groups. CONCLUSION: The functional and traditional training practices showed equivalent beneficial outcomes by increasing muscle power and reducing systemic markers associated with inflammation.
BACKGROUND: Aging is a natural process that, even in the nonattendance of complex diseases, is associated with a numerous behavioral change that attributes reduced muscle mass, power, strength and function. In addition, aging linked to low-grade inflammatory status, characterized by increased plasma concentrations of inflammatory cytokines such as TNF-α and IL-6. Physical exercise is the main non-pharmacological strategy for improving the physical fitness of the aged individuals. However, it is still controversial whether exercise can reduce aging-mediated inflammation. OBJECTIVE: To analyze the effects of functional (FT) and traditional (TT) training practice on muscle power and inflammatory profile in physically active older women. METHODS: The study has been performed for twenty-six weeks in which twenty-four weeks utilized for training sessions and two weeks for physical and biochemical assessments. Forty-three older women (age FT: 64.25 ± 4.70, range: 60-75; TT: 64.90 ± 3.03, range: 60-71; Control: 65.91 ± 5.79, range: 60-75) were randomly divided into three groups: Functional (FT; n = 16); Traditional (TT; n = 16) training groups; and Control Group (CG; n = 11) respectively. Muscle power tests were performed by push (Bench press) and squatting (Squat) actions. The jumping ability was performed through Counter Movement Jump (CMJ). In addition, isometric strength were assessed by Hand Grip Test. Plasma cytokine concentration was measured using flow cytometry. RESULTS: Functional and traditional training sessions subjected to aged women demonstrated a significant enhancement in their physical activity and muscle power. The trained individuals from above two groups showed significant improvements in all analyzed parameters excluding hand-grip. Functional and traditional training exercise reduced the plasma concentrations of TNF-α (FT: p = 0.0001; TT: p = 0.0410) and whereas FT group has reduced IL-6 (p = 0.0072), but did not affect the alterations of pre and post measurements of IL-2 (FT: p = 0.0651; TT: p = 0.2146) and IL-10 values (FT: p = 0.2658; TT: p = 0.3116). There was no significant difference in any of the test parameters between FT and TT groups. CONCLUSION: The functional and traditional training practices showed equivalent beneficial outcomes by increasing muscle power and reducing systemic markers associated with inflammation.