Program adherence and coping strategies as predictors of success in a smoking treatment program.

Ninety-four participants in a 6-week behaviorally oriented smoking cessation program were administered weekly questionnaires assessing their use of the major program recommendations and other quitting strategies throughout treatment. An "affect-regulation" coping inventory was administered at the beginning and end of treatment as well. Adequate adherence was reported for most of the program recommendations. Although a composite measure of adherence did not predict quitting success, adherence and coping assessments were associated with maintenance of treatment gains. Short-term maintenance was associated with an extensive affect-regulation repertoire and use of "stimulus control" strategies during the program, and long-term maintenance was associated with consistent self-monitoring of smoking during treatment. These prospective findings highlight some behavioral characteristics that may be useful targets in future efforts to foster maintenance of smoking behavior change.