| Literature DB >> 32139921 |
Nina Isabelle Knudsen1, Klaus-D Wernecke2, Heribert Kentenich3, Matthias David1.
Abstract
Purpose How many women assume that they have fibroids but are found not to have fibroids on ultrasound examination? How severe are the physical symptoms reported by these women compared to the symptoms reported by women with actual uterine fibroids? Are the symptoms more severe if the patient believes that she has at least one relatively large (dominant) fibroid or more than 3 fibroids? Material and Methods A total of 1548 patients completed an anonymous questionnaire in which they were asked about the number of their fibroids, dysmenorrhea and premenstrual symptoms, dyspareunia and bleeding disorders (using a numerical analog scale between 0 - 10). The questionnaire was administered in a hospital-based fibroid clinic. The information provided by the patients was then compared with transvaginal or abdominal ultrasound findings. The symptoms reported by women with and without fibroid(s) were compared. Results 1045 out of 1548 patients fulfilled the study's inclusion criteria. Contrary to the information they provided, no fibroid(s) were detected in 6% (62 of 1045 patients) of patients on ultrasound examination. Of these women, 87% had dysmenorrhea, 79% had premenstrual pain and 57% reported dyspareunia. The severity of the symptoms was found not to be associated with the assumed size or number of fibroid(s). There was no significant difference in the pain reported by women without and by women with fibroids. Reporting a feeling of strong pressure on the bladder (OR: 1.18) or abdomen (OR: 1.12) or constipation (OR: 1.16) increased the likelihood of detecting a fibroid on ultrasound investigation. Conclusions The presence of manifest symptoms (dysmenorrhea, dyspareunia, premenstrual pain, bleeding disorders) does not allow conclusions to be made about the number or size of fibroids or about which therapy is indicated. Even an erroneous assumption about the presence of fibroids may result in patients experiencing symptoms.Entities:
Keywords: dysmenorrhea; dyspareunia; fibroids; premenstrual pain; sonography
Year: 2019 PMID: 32139921 PMCID: PMC7056396 DOI: 10.1055/a-0991-0105
Source DB: PubMed Journal: Geburtshilfe Frauenheilkd ISSN: 0016-5751 Impact factor: 2.915
Table 1 Information provided by women with no detectable fibroids on ultrasound (n = 62) (percentages have been rounded to whole numbers).
| Age | 43.5 years (median) |
| Wish to have children | |
yes | 32% (18) |
no | 68% (39) |
| 5 missing | |
| Prior pregnancies (medical history) | |
yes | 66% (40) |
no | 34% (21) |
| 1 missing | |
| Assumed number of fibroids | |
1 | 45% (28) |
2 | 27% (17) |
3 | 10% (6) |
4 | 18% (11) |
> 4 | 0 |
Fig. 1Pain reported by patients with no detectable fibroids. Pain was scored using an 11-step scale and then grouped into four larger categories according to severity of symptoms: 0 = no discomfort or pain, 1 – 3 = mild discomfort, 4 – 7 = moderate discomfort, 8 – 10 = severe discomfort.
Table 2 Number of patients with varying numbers of fibroids according to the patientʼs self-assessment versus ultrasound findings.
| Number of patients with varying numbers fibroids verifiable on ultrasound | Total | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | 2 or 3 | > 3 or myomatous uterus | |||
| Number of patients with reported or assumed number of fibroids | 1 | 461 | 72 | 24 | 585 |
| 2 | 78 | 132 | 19 | 246 | |
| 3 | 37 | 75 | 25 | 143 | |
| 4 | 9 | 12 | 16 | 48 | |
| > 4 | 3 | 6 | 14 | 23 | |
| Total | 588 | 297 | 98 | 1045 | |
Table 3 Level of pain reported using a Likert scale (0 – 10) (*percentages rounded to whole numbers).
| Number of fibroids | Premenstrual pain | Dysmenorrhea | Dyspareunia | |||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 0 | 1 – 3 | 4 – 7 | 8 – 10 | 0 | 1 – 3 | 4 – 7 | 8 – 10 | 0 | 1 – 3 | 4 – 7 | 8 – 10 | |
| None (%) | 21 | 31 | 35 | 14 | 14 | 29 | 35 | 23 | 43 | 38 | 15 | 4 |
| n | 52 | 52 | 47 | |||||||||
| 1 (%) | 28 | 38 | 26 | 8 | 20 | 32 | 32 | 16 | 54 | 29 | 14 | 3 |
| n | 560 | 561 | 547 | |||||||||
| 2 or 3 (%) | 25 | 39 | 26 | 10 | 20 | 34 | 24 | 22 | 52 | 32 | 13 | 3 |
| n | 287 | 285 | 274 | |||||||||
| > 3 (%) | 29 | 33 | 30 | 9 | 22 | 38 | 28 | 13 | 42 | 34 | 19 | 5 |
| n | 98 | 96 | 92 | |||||||||
Fig. 2Pain reported by women with and without detectable fibroids. Levels 1 – 10 have been grouped into larger groups (= symptoms of varying severity).
Table 4 Fibroid on ultrasound vs. no fibroid on ultrasound – influencing variables associated with a higher probability of detecting a fibroid on ultrasound (n = 1419).
| Symptoms reported by the patient a | B | S. E. | Sig. | Odds ratio (OR) | 95% CI b for OR | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Lower limit | Upper limit | |||||
|
a
Score between 1 – 10 on the Likert scale
| ||||||
| Back pain | − 0.205 | 0.038 | 0.000 | 0.815 | 0.756 | 0.879 |
| Pressure on the bladder | 0.161 | 0.060 | 0.007 | 1.175 | 1.045 | 1.321 |
| Abdominal pressure | 0.117 | 0.062 | 0.061 | 1.124 | 0.994 | 1.271 |
| Constipation | 0.145 | 0.056 | 0.010 | 1.156 | 1.036 | 1.290 |
| Constant | 2.406 | 0.163 | 0.000 | 11.089 | ||
Tab. 1 Angaben der Frauen ohne sonografischen Myomnachweis (n = 62) (Prozentangaben gerundet auf ganze Zahlen).
| Alter | 43,5 Jahre (Median) |
| Kinderwunsch | |
vorhanden | 32% (18) |
nein | 68% (39) |
| 5 missing | |
| Schwangerschaften in Anamnese | |
vorhanden | 66% (40) |
nein | 34% (21) |
| 1 missing | |
| angenommene Myomanzahlen | |
1 | 45% (28) |
2 | 27% (17) |
3 | 10% (6) |
4 | 18% (11) |
> 4 | 0 |
Abb. 1Schmerzangaben der Patientinnen ohne Myomnachweis. Angaben der 11-Stufen-Skala in 4 Symptomkategorien zusammengefasst: 0 = keine Beschwerden bzw. Schmerzen, 1 – 3 = leichte Beschwerden, 4 – 7 = mittlere Beschwerden, 8 – 10 = starke Beschwerden.
Tab. 2 Anzahl der Patientinnen mit Myomen unterschiedlicher Anzahl laut Selbstangabe der Patientin versus Sonografiebefund.
| Anzahl von Patientinnen mit sonografisch nachgewiesenen Myomen unterschiedlicher Anzahl | gesamt | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | 2 oder 3 | > 3 oder myomatös durchsetzt | |||
| Anzahl der Patientinnen mit angegebener bzw. vermuteter Myomanzahl | 1 | 461 | 72 | 24 | 585 |
| 2 | 78 | 132 | 19 | 246 | |
| 3 | 37 | 75 | 25 | 143 | |
| 4 | 9 | 12 | 16 | 48 | |
| > 4 | 3 | 6 | 14 | 23 | |
| gesamt | 588 | 297 | 98 | 1045 | |
Tab. 3 Unterschiedliche Schmerzangaben auf einer Likert-Skala (0 – 10) (*Prozentangaben gerundet auf ganze Zahlen).
| Myomanzahl | prämenstruelle Schmerzen | Dysmenorrhö | Dyspareunie | |||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 0 | 1 – 3 | 4 – 7 | 8 – 10 | 0 | 1 – 3 | 4 – 7 | 8 – 10 | 0 | 1 – 3 | 4 – 7 | 8 – 10 | |
| keins (%) | 21 | 31 | 35 | 14 | 14 | 29 | 35 | 23 | 43 | 38 | 15 | 4 |
| n | 52 | 52 | 47 | |||||||||
| 1 (%) | 28 | 38 | 26 | 8 | 20 | 32 | 32 | 16 | 54 | 29 | 14 | 3 |
| n | 560 | 561 | 547 | |||||||||
| 2 oder 3 (%) | 25 | 39 | 26 | 10 | 20 | 34 | 24 | 22 | 52 | 32 | 13 | 3 |
| n | 287 | 285 | 274 | |||||||||
| > 3 (%) | 29 | 33 | 30 | 9 | 22 | 38 | 28 | 13 | 42 | 34 | 19 | 5 |
| n | 98 | 96 | 92 | |||||||||
Abb. 2Schmerzangaben der Frauen mit und ohne Myomnachweis. Zusammenfassung der Stufen 1 – 10 (= Beschwerden verschiedener Stärke vorhanden).
Tab. 4 Myom im Ultraschall vs. kein Myom im Ultraschall – Einflussgrößen, ein Myom mit höherer Wahrscheinlichkeit sonografisch darzustellen (n = 1419).
| Beschwerden der Patientin a | B | S. E. | Sig. | Odds Ratio (OR) | 95%-KI b für OR | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| untere Grenze | obere Grenze | |||||
|
a
Angaben auf Likert-Skala von 1 – 10
| ||||||
| Rückenschmerzen | − 0,205 | 0,038 | 0,000 | 0,815 | 0,756 | 0,879 |
| Druckgefühl auf die Blase | 0,161 | 0,060 | 0,007 | 1,175 | 1,045 | 1,321 |
| Druck im Unterbauch | 0,117 | 0,062 | 0,061 | 1,124 | 0,994 | 1,271 |
| Obstipation | 0,145 | 0,056 | 0,010 | 1,156 | 1,036 | 1,290 |
| Konstante | 2,406 | 0,163 | 0,000 | 11,089 | ||