| Literature DB >> 32139920 |
Kristin Nicolaus1, Laura Reckenbeil1, Dominik Bräuer1, Robert Sczesny1, Herbert Diebolder1, Ingo B Runnebaum1.
Abstract
Introduction The clinical presentation of endometriosis is extremely varied. Because endometriosis symptoms may overlap with symptoms caused by gastroenterological disorders, this can lead to misdiagnosis and a considerable delay in arriving at the correct diagnosis. The aim was to evaluate the type and duration of endometriosis-related symptoms and to identify predictors for patterns of involvement depending on symptoms. Material and Method The data of 266 consecutive patients who were operated on in the Endometriosis Center between 1/2016 and 12/2017 after receiving a histologically verified diagnosis of endometriosis were recorded. In addition to recording the clinical parameters, a questionnaire was distributed to the patients, who were asked about their medical history. Infertile patients were grouped together as Group 1 and compared to non-infertile patients (Group 2). Results The response rate for returned questionnaires was 79.47% (182/229). 41.8% of patients reported that they were infertile and 91.8% reported pelvic pain. In more than ⅓ of cases in both groups, more than 10 years passed between the initial symptoms and the final diagnosis (39.4 vs. 37.5%). On average, patients consulted 2.72 (± 1.58) resp. 3.08 (± 1.72) doctors before they presented to a hospital or were referred for laparoscopic diagnostic workup (p = 0.162). Cycle-related diarrhea (odds ratio 2.707; 95% CI: 1.063 - 6.895, p = 0.037) and dysmenorrhea (odds ratio 2.278; 95% CI: 1.193 - 4.348, p = 0.013) were associated with involvement of the pelvic peritoneum, cycle-related dyschezia was associated with rectal involvement by a factor of 4.6 in binary regression analysis (odds ratio 4.659; 95% CI: 1.132 - 19.186; p = 0.033). Conclusion Cycle-related diarrhea and dysmenorrhea increase the risk probability of peritoneal endometriosis. Dyschezia increases the risk probability of rectal endometriosis.Entities:
Keywords: dyschezia; dysmenorrhea; endometriosis
Year: 2020 PMID: 32139920 PMCID: PMC7056393 DOI: 10.1055/a-1033-9588
Source DB: PubMed Journal: Geburtshilfe Frauenheilkd ISSN: 0016-5751 Impact factor: 2.915
Fig. 1Recruitment of the study population (recruited and contacted patients, n = 266) as a function of histological confirmation, return of the completed questionnaire (n = 229), and completeness of study data (n = 182).
Table 1 Endometriosis-specific symptoms reported by the study population; results are presented as absolute values and percentages.
| Symptom-related parameters | Group 1: endometriosis patients with infertility | Group 2: endometriosis patients without infertility | p-value |
|---|---|---|---|
| Dysmenorrhea | 35 (46.1%) | 51 (48.1%) | 0.08 |
| Pelvic pain | 68 (89.5%) | 99 (93.4%) | 0.42 |
| Dyspareunia | 35 (46.1%) | 62 (58.5%) | 0.10 |
| Dysuria | 16 (27.4%) | 29 (21.1%) | 0.39 |
| Dyschezia | 28 (36.8%) | 57 (53.8%) |
|
Table 2 Symptom-related parameters of the study population such as frequency of symptoms, regular use of painkillers and frequency of having to take time off work; results are presented as absolute values and percentages.
| Symptom-related parameters | Group 1: endometriosis patients with infertility | Group 2: endometriosis patients without infertility | p-value |
|---|---|---|---|
| Frequency of symptoms | 59 (77.6%) | 96 (90.6%) |
|
every day | 5 (6.6%) | 16 (15.1%) | |
every week | 3 (3.9%) | 6 (5.7%) | |
every month | 50 (65.8%) | 74 (69.8%) | |
| Regular use of painkillers | 50 (65.8%) | 84 (79.2%) | 0.060 |
every day | 3 (3.9%) | 8 (7.5%) | |
every week | 4 (5.3%) | 8 (7.5%) | |
every month | 43 (56.6%) | 68 (64.2%) | |
| Frequency of having to take time off work | 0.203 | ||
every week | 0 (0%) | 1 (0.9%) | |
every month | 6 (7.9%) | 17 (16.0%) | |
every year | 2 (2.6%) | 1 (0.9%) |
Table 3 Diagnosis-related parameters of the study population such as time to diagnosis, type of diagnosis, familial history and number of doctors consulted until the diagnosis of endometriosis was made; results are presented as absolute values and percentages.
| Diagnosis-related parameters | Group 1: endometriosis patients with infertility | Group 2: endometriosis patients without infertility n = 106 | p-value |
|---|---|---|---|
| Time to diagnosis | 0,69 | ||
< 1 year | 12 (16.9%) | 14 (13.5%) | |
1 – 5 years | 22 (31.0%) | 31 (29.8%) | |
6 – 10 years | 9 (12.7%) | 20 (19.2%) | |
> 10 years | 28 (39.4%) | 39 (37.5%) | |
| Primary diagnosis | 54 (71.1%) | 74 (69.8%) | 0.87 |
| Diagnosis of recurrence | 22 (28.9%) | 31 (29.2%) | 1.00 |
| Incidental diagnosis | 4 (5.3%) | 6 (5.7%) | 1.00 |
| Positive familial history | 10 (13.2%) | 20 (18.9%) | 0.42 |
| Number of doctors consulted until the diagnosis was made | 2.72 ± 1.58 | 3.08 ± 1.72 | 0.16 |
1 | 13 (17.1%) | 11 (10.4%) | 0.24 |
2 | 31 (40.8%) | 43 (40.6%) | |
3 | 15 (19.7%) | 20 (18.9%) | |
4 | 8 (10.5%) | 12 (11.3%) | |
5 | 5 (6.6%) | 9 (8.5%) | |
> 5 | 2 (2.6%) | 13 (13.0%) |
Table 4 Stage-related parameters of endometriosis involvement in the study population using the ENZIAN and the rASRM (classification of the American Society for Reproductive Medicine) classification systems; results are presented as absolute values and percentages.
| Endometriosis-related parameters | Group 1: endometriosis patients with infertility | Group 2: endometriosis patients without infertility | p-value |
|---|---|---|---|
|
| 0.90 | ||
I | 19 (26.4%) | 28 (26.4%) | |
II | 18 (25%) | 22 (20.6%) | |
III | 14 (19.4%) | 23 (21.7%) | |
IV | 21 (29.2%) | 26 (24.5%) | |
|
| |||
| A compartment | 11 (14.5%) | 11 (10.3%) | 1.00 |
A1 | 3 (3.9%) | 3 (2.8%) | |
A2 | 4 (5.3%) | 4 (3.8%) | |
A3 | 4 (5.3%) | 4 (3.8% | |
| B compartment | 31 (40.8%) | 47 (44.3%) | 0.53 |
B1 | 5 (6.6%) | 13 (12.3%) | |
B2 | 18 (23.7%) | 24 (22.6%) | |
B3 | 8 (10.5%) | 10 (9.4%) | |
| C compartment | 14 (18.4%) | 16 (15.1%) | 0.52 |
C1 | 6 (7.9%) | 7 (6.6%) | |
C2 | 5 (6.6%) | 3 (2.8%) | |
C3 | 3 (3.9%) | 6 (5.6%) | |
FA | 1 (1.3%) | 1 (0.9%) | 1.0 |
FB | 2 (2.6%) | 2 (1.8%) | 1.0 |
FI | 4 (5.3%) | 5 (4.7%) | 1.0 |
F0 | 2 (2.6%) | 6 (5.6%) | 0.47 |
Table 5 Results of linear multivariate regression analysis to evaluate risk factors for rASRM stages of endometriosis involvement as a function of specific symptoms reported by the study population.
| Symptom | Regression coefficient B | SE | p-value | Lower CI | Upper CI |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| CI = confidence interval, B is the calculated regression coefficient, SE is the standard error of the regression coefficient. | |||||
| Dysmenorrhea | 0.054 | 0.180 | 0.766 | − 0.302 | 0.409 |
| Pelvic pain | 0.445 | 0.324 | 0.172 | − 0.196 | 1.086 |
| Dyspareunia | − 0.331 | 0.196 | 0.094 | − 0.719 | 0.057 |
| Dysuria | − 0.163 | 0.222 | 0.464 | − 0.600 | 0.275 |
| Dyschezia | 0.294 | 0.201 | 0.145 | − 0.103 | 0.691 |
| infertility | 0.051 | 0.184 | 0.782 | − 0.312 | 0.414 |
Table 6 Results of binary regression analysis to evaluate risk factors for endometriosis involvement of the pelvic peritoneum as a function of specific symptoms reported by the study population.
| Symptom | Regression coefficient B | SE | p-value | Odds ratio | Lower CI | Upper CI |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| CI = confidence interval, B is the calculated regression coefficient, SE is the standard error of the regression coefficient. | ||||||
| Dysmenorrhea | 0.823 | 0.33 |
| 2.278 | 1.193 | 4.348 |
| Pelvic pain | 0.249 | 0.586 | 0.670 | 1.283 | 0.407 | 4.043 |
| Dyspareunia | − 0.745 | 0.356 |
| 0.475 | 0.236 | 0.954 |
| Dysuria | 0.671 | 0.411 | 0.103 | 1.956 | 0.874 | 4.376 |
| Dyschezia | − 0.353 | 0.357 | 0.322 | 0.702 | 0.349 | 1.414 |
| Infertility | − 0.083 | 0.331 | 0.801 | 0.920 | 0.481 | 1.760 |
Abb. 1Rekrutierung des Studienkollektivs (rekrutierte und kontaktierte Patientinnen, n = 266) in Abhängigkeit der histologischen Sicherung, der Zusendung des Fragebogens (n = 229) und der vollständigen Studiendaten (n = 182).
Tab. 1 Endometriosespezifische Symptome des Studienkollektivs, Ergebnisse werden als Absolutzahl und Prozentangabe dargestellt.
| symptombezogene Parameter | Endometriosepatientinnen mit Sterilität Gruppe 1 | Endometriosepatientinnen ohne Sterilität Gruppe 2 | p-Wert |
|---|---|---|---|
| Dysmenorrhö | 35 (46,1%) | 51 (48,1%) | 0,08 |
| Unterbauchschmerzen | 68 (89,5%) | 99 (93,4%) | 0,42 |
| Dyspareunie | 35 (46,1%) | 62 (58,5%) | 0,10 |
| Dysurie | 16 (27,4%) | 29 (21,1%) | 0,39 |
| Dyschezie | 28 (36,8%) | 57 (53,8%) |
|
Tab. 2 Beschwerdebezogene Parameter des Studienkollektivs wie Regelmäßigkeit der Beschwerden und Schmerzmitteleinnahme und Häufigkeit der Arbeitsunfähigkeit, Ergebnisse werden als Absolutzahl und Prozentangabe dargestellt.
| beschwerdebezogene Parameter | Endometriosepatientinnen mit Sterilität Gruppe 1 | Endometriosepatientinnen ohne Sterilität Gruppe 2 | p-Wert |
|---|---|---|---|
| Regelmäßigkeit der Beschwerden | 59 (77,6%) | 96 (90,6%) |
|
täglich | 5 (6,6%) | 16 (15,1%) | |
wöchentlich | 3 (3,9%) | 6 (5,7%) | |
monatlich | 50 (65,8%) | 74 (69,8%) | |
| regelmäßige Schmerzmitteleinnahme | 50 (65,8%) | 84 (79,2%) | 0,060 |
täglich | 3 (3,9%) | 8 (7,5%) | |
wöchentlich | 4 (5,3%) | 8 (7,5%) | |
monatlich | 43 (56,6%) | 68 (64,2%) | |
| Häufigkeit der Arbeitsunfähigkeit | 0,203 | ||
wöchentlich | 0 (0%) | 1 (0,9%) | |
monatlich | 6 (7,9%) | 17 (16,0%) | |
jährlich | 2 (2,6%) | 1 (0,9%) |
Tab. 3 Diagnosebezogene Parameter des Studienkollektivs wie Dauer der Diagnosestellung im jeweiligen Intervall, Art der Diagnose, Familienanamnese und Anzahl der Arztkonsultationen vor Diagnosestellung der Endometriose, Ergebnisse werden als Absolutzahl und Prozentangabe dargestellt.
| diagnosebezogene Parameter | Endometriosepatientinnen mit Sterilität Gruppe 1 | Endometriosepatientinnen ohne Sterilität Gruppe 2 | p-Wert |
|---|---|---|---|
| Dauer bis zur Diagnose | 0,69 | ||
< 1 Jahr | 12 (16,9%) | 14 (13,5%) | |
1 – 5 Jahre | 22 (31,0%) | 31 (29,8%) | |
6 – 10 Jahre | 9 (12,7%) | 20 (19,2%) | |
> 10 Jahre | 28 (39,4%) | 39 (37,5%) | |
| Primärdiagnose | 54 (71,1%) | 74 (69,8%) | 0,87 |
| Rezidivdiagnose | 22 (28,9%) | 31 (29,2%) | 1,00 |
| Zufallsdiagnose | 4 (5,3%) | 6 (5,7%) | 1,00 |
| positive Familienanamnese | 10 (13,2%) | 20 (18,9%) | 0,42 |
| Arztkonsultation bis Diagnosestellung | 2,72 ± 1,58 | 3,08 ± 1,72 | 0,16 |
1 | 13 (17,1%) | 11 (10,4%) | 0,24 |
2 | 31 (40,8%) | 43 (40,6%) | |
3 | 15 (19,7%) | 20 (18,9%) | |
4 | 8 (10,5%) | 12 (11,3%) | |
5 | 5 (6,6%) | 9 (8,5%) | |
> 5 | 2 (2,6%) | 13 (13,0%) |
Tab. 4 Stadienbezogene Parameter des Endometriosebefalls des Studienkollektivs nach der Enzian- und rASRM-Klassifikation (Classification of the American Society for Reproductive Medicine), Ergebnisse werden als Absolutzahl und Prozentangabe dargestellt.
| endometriosebezogene Parameter | Endometriosepatientinnen mit Sterilität Gruppe 1 | Endometriosepatientinnen ohne Sterilität Gruppe 2 | p-Wert |
|---|---|---|---|
|
| 0,90 | ||
I | 19 (26,4%) | 28 (26,4%) | |
II | 18 (25%) | 22 (20,6%) | |
III | 14 (19,4%) | 23 (21,7%) | |
IV | 21 (29,2%) | 26 (24,5%) | |
|
| |||
| A-Kompartiment | 11 (14,5%) | 11 (10,3%) | 1,00 |
A1 | 3 (3,9%) | 3 (2,8%) | |
A2 | 4 (5,3%) | 4 (3,8%) | |
A3 | 4 (5,3%) | 4 (3,8% | |
| B-Kompartiment | 31 (40,8%) | 47 (44,3%) | 0,53 |
B1 | 5 (6,6%) | 13 (12,3%) | |
B2 | 18 (23,7%) | 24 (22,6%) | |
B3 | 8 (10,5%) | 10 (9,4%) | |
| C-Kompartiment | 14 (18,4%) | 16 (15,1%) | 0,52 |
C1 | 6 (7,9%) | 7 (6,6%) | |
C2 | 5 (6,6%) | 3 (2,8%) | |
C3 | 3 (3,9%) | 6 (5,6%) | |
FA | 1 (1,3%) | 1 (0,9%) | 1,0 |
FB | 2 (2,6%) | 2 (1,8%) | 1,0 |
FI | 4 (5,3%) | 5 (4,7%) | 1,0 |
F0 | 2 (2,6%) | 6 (5,6%) | 0,47 |
Tab. 5 Ergebnisse der linearen, multivariaten Regressionsanalyse zur Erfassung von Risikofaktoren für das rASRM-Stadium des Endometriosebefalls in Abhängigkeit der Symptome im Studienkollektiv.
| Symptom | Regressionskoeffizient B | SE | p-Wert | unteres KI | oberes KI |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| KI = Konfidenzintervall, B ist der errechnete Regressionskoeffizient, SE ist der Standardfehler des Regressionskoeffizienten. | |||||
| Dysmenorrhö | 0,054 | 0,180 | 0,766 | − 0,302 | 0,409 |
| Unterbauchschmerzen | 0,445 | 0,324 | 0,172 | − 0,196 | 1,086 |
| Dyspareunie | − 0,331 | 0,196 | 0,094 | − 0,719 | 0,057 |
| Dysurie | − 0,163 | 0,222 | 0,464 | − 0,600 | 0,275 |
| Dyschezie | 0,294 | 0,201 | 0,145 | − 0,103 | 0,691 |
| Sterilität | 0,051 | 0,184 | 0,782 | − 0,312 | 0,414 |
Tab. 6 Ergebnisse der binären Regressionsanalyse zur Erfassung von Risikofaktoren für den Endometriosebefall des Beckenperitoneums in Abhängigkeit der Symptome im Studienkollektiv.
| Symptom | Regressionskoeffizient B | SE | p-Wert | Odds Ratio | unteres KI | oberes KI |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| KI = Konfidenzintervall, B ist der errechnete Regressionskoeffizient, SE ist der Standardfehler des Regressionskoeffizienten. | ||||||
| Dysmenorrhö | 0,823 | 0,33 |
| 2,278 | 1,193 | 4,348 |
| Unterbauchschmerzen | 0,249 | 0,586 | 0,670 | 1,283 | 0,407 | 4,043 |
| Dyspareunie | − 0,745 | 0,356 |
| 0,475 | 0,236 | 0,954 |
| Dysurie | 0,671 | 0,411 | 0,103 | 1,956 | 0,874 | 4,376 |
| Dyschezie | − 0,353 | 0,357 | 0,322 | 0,702 | 0,349 | 1,414 |
| Sterilität | − 0,083 | 0,331 | 0,801 | 0,920 | 0,481 | 1,760 |