Lise G Bjerregaard1, Niko Wasenius2,3, Rozenn Nedelec4,5, Line K Gjærde6, Lars Ängquist6,7, Karl-Heinz Herzig8,9, Gorm B Jensen10, Erik L Mortensen11, Merete Osler6,12, Kim Overvad13, Tea Skaaby6, Anne Tjønneland14,15, Thorkild I A Sørensen7,12, Marjo-Riitta Järvelin4,5,16,17, Johan G Eriksson2,3,18,19, Sylvain Sebert4,5,20, Jennifer L Baker6,7. 1. Center for Clinical Research and Prevention, Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg Hospital, Frederiksberg, Denmark lise.geisler.bjerregaard@regionh.dk. 2. Department of General Practice and Primary Health Care, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland. 3. Folkhälsan Research Center, Helsinki, Finland. 4. Centre for Life Course Health Research, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland. 5. Biocenter Oulu, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland. 6. Center for Clinical Research and Prevention, Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg Hospital, Frederiksberg, Denmark. 7. Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Human Genomics and Metagenomics in Metabolism, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark. 8. Research Unit of Biomedicine, Department of Physiology and Biocenter Oulu, Medical Research Center, University of Oulu, Oulu University Hospital, Oulu, Finland. 9. Department of Gastroenterology and Metabolism, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Poznan, Poland. 10. The Copenhagen City Heart Study, Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg Hospital, Frederiksberg, Denmark. 11. Department of Public Health and Center for Healthy Aging, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark. 12. Section of Epidemiology, Department of Public Health, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark. 13. Section for Epidemiology, Department of Public Health, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark. 14. Danish Cancer Society Research Center, Copenhagen, Denmark. 15. Section of Environmental Health, Department of Public Health, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark. 16. Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, MRC-PHE Centre for Environment and Health, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London, U.K. 17. Department of Life Sciences, College of Health and Life Sciences, Brunel University London, London, U.K. 18. Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore. 19. Singapore Institute for Clinical Sciences, Agency for Science, Technology, and Research, Singapore. 20. Department of Genomics of Complex Diseases, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London, U.K.
Abstract
OBJECTIVE: We investigated the association between changes in weight status from childhood through adulthood and subsequent type 2 diabetes risks and whether educational attainment, smoking, and leisure time physical activity (LTPA) modify this association. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS: Using data from 10 Danish and Finnish cohorts including 25,283 individuals, childhood BMI at 7 and 12 years was categorized as normal or high using age- and sex-specific cutoffs (<85th or ≥85th percentile). Adult BMI (20-71 years) was categorized as nonobese or obese (<30.0 or ≥30.0 kg/m2, respectively). Associations between BMI patterns and type 2 diabetes (989 women and 1,370 men) were analyzed using Cox proportional hazards regressions and meta-analysis techniques. RESULTS: Compared with individuals with a normal BMI at 7 years and without adult obesity, those with a high BMI at 7 years and adult obesity had higher type 2 diabetes risks (hazard ratio [HR]girls 5.04 [95% CI 3.92-6.48]; HRboys 3.78 [95% CI 2.68-5.33]). Individuals with a high BMI at 7 years but without adult obesity did not have a higher risk (HRgirls 0.74 [95% CI 0.52-1.06]; HRboys 0.93 [95% CI 0.65-1.33]). Education, smoking, and LTPA were associated with diabetes risks but did not modify or confound the associations with BMI changes. Results for 12 years of age were similar. CONCLUSIONS: A high BMI in childhood was associated with higher type 2 diabetes risks only if individuals also had obesity in adulthood. These associations were not influenced by educational and lifestyle factors, indicating that BMI is similarly related to the risk across all levels of these factors.
OBJECTIVE: We investigated the association between changes in weight status from childhood through adulthood and subsequent type 2 diabetes risks and whether educational attainment, smoking, and leisure time physical activity (LTPA) modify this association. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS: Using data from 10 Danish and Finnish cohorts including 25,283 individuals, childhood BMI at 7 and 12 years was categorized as normal or high using age- and sex-specific cutoffs (<85th or ≥85th percentile). Adult BMI (20-71 years) was categorized as nonobese or obese (<30.0 or ≥30.0 kg/m2, respectively). Associations between BMI patterns and type 2 diabetes (989 women and 1,370 men) were analyzed using Cox proportional hazards regressions and meta-analysis techniques. RESULTS: Compared with individuals with a normal BMI at 7 years and without adult obesity, those with a high BMI at 7 years and adult obesity had higher type 2 diabetes risks (hazard ratio [HR]girls 5.04 [95% CI 3.92-6.48]; HRboys 3.78 [95% CI 2.68-5.33]). Individuals with a high BMI at 7 years but without adult obesity did not have a higher risk (HRgirls 0.74 [95% CI 0.52-1.06]; HRboys 0.93 [95% CI 0.65-1.33]). Education, smoking, and LTPA were associated with diabetes risks but did not modify or confound the associations with BMI changes. Results for 12 years of age were similar. CONCLUSIONS: A high BMI in childhood was associated with higher type 2 diabetes risks only if individuals also had obesity in adulthood. These associations were not influenced by educational and lifestyle factors, indicating that BMI is similarly related to the risk across all levels of these factors.
Authors: Mia D Eriksson; Johan G Eriksson; Päivi Korhonen; Minna K Salonen; Tuija M Mikkola; Eero Kajantie; Niko S Wasenius; Mikaela von Bonsdorff; Hannu Kautiainen; Merja K Laine Journal: Sci Rep Date: 2022-04-28 Impact factor: 4.996