Food groups and the likelihood of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

Dietary habits have been implicated in the development and severity of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). Several epidemiologic studies attempted to assess the relationship between food groups and the likelihood of NAFLD, but these results were conflicting. The present meta-analysis was conducted to assess the association between food groups and the likelihood of NAFLD. Published literature were retrieved and screened from MEDLINE, EMBASE and Web of Science. Out of 7892 retrieved articles, 24 observational studies (15 cross-sectional studies and 9 case-control studies) met our eligibility criteria and were finally included in this systematic review and meta-analysis. Consumption of both red meat and soft drinks contributed to a positive association with NAFLD. Inversely, nut consumption was negatively associated with NAFLD. There were no significant influences on the likelihood of NAFLD about consuming whole grains, refined grains, fish, fruits, vegetables, eggs, dairy, and legumes. This meta-analysis suggests that individuals who consumed more red meat and soft drinks may have a significantly increased likelihood of NAFLD, whereas higher nut intake may be negatively associated with NAFLD. Further prospective studies are required to assess the association between food patterns and NAFLD.