Bioinoculants play a significant role in shaping the rhizospheric microbial community: a field study with Cajanus cajan.

The present study is an attempt to understand the impact of bioinoculants, Azotobacter chroococcum (A), Bacillus megaterium (B), Pseudomonas fluorescens (P), on (a) soil and plant nutrient status, (b) total resident and active bacterial communities, and (c) genes and transcripts involved in nitrogen cycle, during cultivation of Cajanus cajan. In terms of available macro- and micro-nutrients, triple inoculation of the bioinoculants (ABP) competed well with chemical fertilizer (CF). Their 'non-target' effects were assessed in terms of the abundance and activity of the resident bacterial community by employing denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (DGGE). The resident bacterial community (16S rRNA gene) was stable, while the active fraction (16S rRNA transcripts) was influenced (in terms of abundance) by the treatments. Quantification of the genes and transcripts involved in N cycle by qPCR revealed an increase in the transcripts of nifH in the soil treated with ABP over CF, with an enhancement of 3.36- and 1.57- fold at flowering and maturity stages of plant growth, respectively. The bioinoculants shaped the resident microflora towards a more beneficial community, which helped in increasing soil N turnover and hence, soil fertility as a whole.