Andrea H Weinberger1, Jiaqi Zhu2, Joun Lee3, Elle Anastasiou2, Jan Copeland4, Renee D Goodwin5. 1. Ferkauf Graduate School of Psychology, Yeshiva University, Bronx, NY, USA; Department of Epidemiology & Population Health, Yeshiva University Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA. 2. Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Graduate School of Public Health and Health Policy, The City University of New York, New York, NY, USA. 3. Ferkauf Graduate School of Psychology, Yeshiva University, Bronx, NY, USA; Department of Clinical Psychology, Teachers College, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA. 4. Department of Medicine, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia. 5. Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Graduate School of Public Health and Health Policy, The City University of New York, New York, NY, USA; Department of Epidemiology, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA. Electronic address: renee.goodwin@sph.cunuy.edu.
Abstract
BACKGROUND: Cannabis use has significant negative consequences for youth. Depression is associated with greater cannabis use among adults but less is known about cannabis use and depression among youth. This study investigated whether depression is associated with increased cannabis use among youth in the United States (US), overall and by demographics, and examined trends in cannabis use by depression status among youth from 2004 to 2016. METHODS: Data were from the 2004-2016 National Survey on Drug Use and Health (NSDUH), annual cross-sectional national samples of US persons 12 and older. The analytic sample included respondents aged 12-17 (total combined n=204,102). First, the prevalence of past-month cannabis use by past-year depression status among youth was examined, overall and by demographic subgroups, using pooled data from 2004-2016. Next, linear time trends of past-month cannabis use were assessed by depression status from 2004 to 2016 using logistic regression models with continuous year as the predictor. Models with year-by-depression status interaction terms assessed differential time trends for those with and without depression. RESULTS: From 2004-2016, cannabis use increased both among youth with and without depression. Cannabis use increased significantly more rapidly among youth with (8.45% to 11.65%), compared to without, depression (4.28% to 4.71%). Youth with depression were more than twice as likely to report cannabis use (12.86% versus 6.40%), relative to those without depression. CONCLUSIONS: Cannabis use was more than twice as common and increased more rapidly from 2004 to 2016 among youth with depression compared to youth without depression.
BACKGROUND: Cannabis use has significant negative consequences for youth. Depression is associated with greater cannabis use among adults but less is known about cannabis use and depression among youth. This study investigated whether depression is associated with increased cannabis use among youth in the United States (US), overall and by demographics, and examined trends in cannabis use by depression status among youth from 2004 to 2016. METHODS: Data were from the 2004-2016 National Survey on Drug Use and Health (NSDUH), annual cross-sectional national samples of US persons 12 and older. The analytic sample included respondents aged 12-17 (total combined n=204,102). First, the prevalence of past-month cannabis use by past-year depression status among youth was examined, overall and by demographic subgroups, using pooled data from 2004-2016. Next, linear time trends of past-month cannabis use were assessed by depression status from 2004 to 2016 using logistic regression models with continuous year as the predictor. Models with year-by-depression status interaction terms assessed differential time trends for those with and without depression. RESULTS: From 2004-2016, cannabis use increased both among youth with and without depression. Cannabis use increased significantly more rapidly among youth with (8.45% to 11.65%), compared to without, depression (4.28% to 4.71%). Youth with depression were more than twice as likely to report cannabis use (12.86% versus 6.40%), relative to those without depression. CONCLUSIONS: Cannabis use was more than twice as common and increased more rapidly from 2004 to 2016 among youth with depression compared to youth without depression.