Bashayer H Baras1,2, Mary Anne S Melo3, Vivek Thumbigere-Math1, Franklin R Tay4, Ashraf F Fouad5, Thomas W Oates1, Michael D Weir1, Lei Cheng6, Hockin H K Xu1,7,8. 1. Department of Advanced Oral Sciences and Therapeutics, University of Maryland School of Dentistry, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA. 2. Department of Restorative Dental Science, College of Dentistry, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia. 3. Division of Operative Dentistry, Department of General Dentistry, University of Maryland School of Dentistry, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA. 4. Department of Endodontics, Dental College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA 30912, USA. 5. Division of Comprehensive Oral Health, Adams School of Dentistry, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27599-7450, USA. 6. Department of Operative Dentistry and Endodontics, West China School of Stomatology, State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610000, China. 7. Center for Stem Cell Biology & Regenerative Medicine, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA. 8. Marlene and Stewart Greenebaum Cancer Center, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA.
Abstract
According to the American Dental Association Survey of Dental Services Rendered (published in 2007), 15 million root canal treatment procedures are performed annually. Endodontic therapy relies mainly on biomechanical preparation, chemical irrigation and intracanal medicaments which play an important role in eliminating bacteria in the root canal. Furthermore, adequate obturation is essential to confine any residual bacteria within the root canal and deprive them of nutrients. However, numerous studies have shown that complete elimination of bacteria is not achieved due to the complex anatomy of the root canal system. There are several conventional antibiotic materials available in the market for endodontic use. However, the majority of these antibiotics and antiseptics provide short-term antibacterial effects, and they impose a risk of developing antibacterial resistance. The root canal is a dynamic environment, and antibacterial and antibiofilm materials with long-term effects and nonspecific mechanisms of action are highly desirable in such environments. In addition, the application of acidic solutions to the root canal wall can alter the dentin structure, resulting in a weaker and more brittle dentin. Root canal sealers with bioactive properties come in direct contact with the dentin wall and can play a positive role in bacterial elimination and strengthening of the root structure. The new generation of nanostructured, bioactive, antibacterial and remineralizing additives into polymeric resin-based root canal sealers are discussed in this review. The effects of these novel bioactive additives on the physical and sealing properties, as well as their biocompatibility, are all important factors that are presented in this article.
According to the American Dental Association Survey of Dental Services Rendered (n class="Chemical">published inpan> 2007), 15 millionpan> root canpan>al treatmenpan>t procedures are performed anpan>nually. Enpan>dodonpan>tic therapy relies mainpan>ly onpan> biomecpan> class="Chemical">hanical preparation, chemical irrigation and intracanal medicaments which play an important role in eliminating bacteria in the root canal. Furthermore, adequate obturation is essential to confine any residual bacteria within the root canal and deprive them of nutrients. However, numerous studies have shown that complete elimination of bacteria is not achieved due to the complex anatomy of the root canal system. There are several conventional antibiotic materials available in the market for endodontic use. However, the majority of these antibiotics and antiseptics provide short-term antibacterial effects, and they impose a risk of developing antibacterial resistance. The root canal is a dynamic environment, and antibacterial and antibiofilm materials with long-term effects and nonspecific mechanisms of action are highly desirable in such environments. In addition, the application of acidic solutions to the root canal wall can alter the dentin structure, resulting in a weaker and more brittle dentin. Root canal sealers with bioactive properties come in direct contact with the dentin wall and can play a positive role in bacterial elimination and strengthening of the root structure. The new generation of nanostructured, bioactive, antibacterial and remineralizing additives into polymericresin-based root canal sealers are discussed in this review. The effects of these novel bioactive additives on the physical and sealing properties, as well as their biocompatibility, are all important factors that are presented in this article.
Authors: Hong Chen; Yingming Yang; Michael D Weir; Quan Dai; Lei Lei; Negar Homayounfar; Thomas W Oates; Kai Yang; Ke Zhang; Tao Hu; Hockin H K Xu Journal: Microorganisms Date: 2020-09-13