Tjeerd Pieter van Staa1,2, Victoria Palin3, Yan Li3, William Welfare4, Timothy W Felton5,6, Paul Dark5, Darren M Ashcroft7. 1. Centre for Health Informatics, Division of Informatics, Imaging and Data Science, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, School of Health Sciences, The University of Manchester, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Vaughan House, Manchester, M13 9PL, UK. tjeerd.vanstaa@manchester.ac.uk. 2. Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands. tjeerd.vanstaa@manchester.ac.uk. 3. Centre for Health Informatics, Division of Informatics, Imaging and Data Science, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, School of Health Sciences, The University of Manchester, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Vaughan House, Manchester, M13 9PL, UK. 4. Public Health England North West, 3 Piccadilly Place, London Road, Manchester, M1 3BN, UK. 5. Division of Infection, Immunity and Respiratory Medicine, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, The University of Manchester, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Manchester, UK. 6. Intensive Care Unit, Manchester University NHS Foundation Trust, Wythenshawe Hospital, Manchester, UK. 7. Centre for Pharmacoepidemiology and Drug Safety, NIHR Greater Manchester Patient Safety Translational Research Centre, School of Health Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, The University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester, M13 9PL, UK.
Abstract
BACKGROUND: Previous research reported that individuals prescribed antibiotics frequently develop antimicrobial resistance. The objective of this study was to evaluate whether frequent antibiotic use is associated with reduced hospital admissions for infection-related complications. METHODS: Population-based cohort study analysing electronic health records from primary care linked to hospital admission records. The study population included patients prescribed a systemic antibiotic, recent record of selected infections and no history of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Propensity-matched cohorts were identified based on quintiles of prior antibiotic use in 3 years before. RESULTS: A total of 1.8 million patients were included. Repeated antibiotic use was frequent. The highest rates of hospital admissions for infection-related complications were observed shortly after antibiotic start in all prior exposure quintiles. For patients with limited prior antibiotic use, rates then dropped quickly and substantially. In contrast, reductions over time were substantially less in patients with frequent prior antibiotic use, with rates remaining elevated over the following 6 months. In patients without comorbidity comparing the highest to lowest prior exposure quintiles in the Clinical Practice Research Databank, the IRRs were 1.18 [95% CI 0.90-1.55] in the first 3 days after prescription, 1.44 [95% CI 1.14-1.81] in the days 4-30 after and 3.22 [95% CI 2.29-4.53] in the 3-6 months after. CONCLUSIONS: Repeated courses of antibiotics, although common practice, may have limited benefit and indicator of adverse outcomes. A potential mechanism is that antibiotics may cause dysbiosis (perturbations of intestinal microbiota), contributing to colonization with resistant bacteria. Antibiotics should be used judiciously and only periodically unless indicated. Antimicrobial stewardship should include activities focusing on the substantive number of patients who repeatedly but intermittently get antibiotics.
BACKGROUND: Previous research reported that individuals prescribed antibiotics frequently develop antimicrobial resistance. The objective of this study was to evaluate whether frequent antibiotic use is associated with reduced hospital admissions for infection-related complications. METHODS: Population-based cohort study analysing electronic health records from primary care linked to hospital admission records. The study population included patients prescribed a systemic antibiotic, recent record of selected infections and no history of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Propensity-matched cohorts were identified based on quintiles of prior antibiotic use in 3 years before. RESULTS: A total of 1.8 million patients were included. Repeated antibiotic use was frequent. The highest rates of hospital admissions for infection-related complications were observed shortly after antibiotic start in all prior exposure quintiles. For patients with limited prior antibiotic use, rates then dropped quickly and substantially. In contrast, reductions over time were substantially less in patients with frequent prior antibiotic use, with rates remaining elevated over the following 6 months. In patients without comorbidity comparing the highest to lowest prior exposure quintiles in the Clinical Practice Research Databank, the IRRs were 1.18 [95% CI 0.90-1.55] in the first 3 days after prescription, 1.44 [95% CI 1.14-1.81] in the days 4-30 after and 3.22 [95% CI 2.29-4.53] in the 3-6 months after. CONCLUSIONS: Repeated courses of antibiotics, although common practice, may have limited benefit and indicator of adverse outcomes. A potential mechanism is that antibiotics may cause dysbiosis (perturbations of intestinal microbiota), contributing to colonization with resistant bacteria. Antibiotics should be used judiciously and only periodically unless indicated. Antimicrobial stewardship should include activities focusing on the substantive number of patients who repeatedly but intermittently get antibiotics.
Entities:
Keywords:
Antibiotics; Effectiveness; Epidemiology; Infection-related complications; Primary care
Authors: Birgitta van Bodegraven; Victoria Palin; Chirag Mistry; Matthew Sperrin; Andrew White; William Welfare; Darren M Ashcroft; Tjeerd Pieter van Staa Journal: BMJ Open Date: 2021-01-15 Impact factor: 2.692
Authors: Christian Magnus Thaulow; Hege Salvesen Blix; Roy Miodini Nilsen; Beate Horsberg Eriksen; Jannicke Slettli Wathne; Dag Berild; Stig Harthug Journal: Pharmacoepidemiol Drug Saf Date: 2022-04-19 Impact factor: 2.732