Anamaria M P Dos Santos1, Rafaela G Ferrari1,2, Carlos A Conte-Junior3,4,5. 1. Molecular and Analytical Laboratory Center, Faculty of Veterinary, Department of Food Technology, Universidade Federal Fluminense, Niterói, Brazil. 2. Chemistry Institute, Food Science Program, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. 3. Molecular and Analytical Laboratory Center, Faculty of Veterinary, Department of Food Technology, Universidade Federal Fluminense, Niterói, Brazil. carlosconte@id.uff.br. 4. Chemistry Institute, Food Science Program, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. carlosconte@id.uff.br. 5. National Institute of Health Quality Control, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. carlosconte@id.uff.br.
Abstract
BACKGROUND: Type Three Secretion Systems (T3SS) are nanomachine complexes, which display the ability to inject effector proteins directly into host cells. This skill allows for gram-negative bacteria to modulate several host cell responses, such as cytoskeleton rearrangement, signal transduction, and cytokine production, which in turn increase the pathogenicity of these bacteria. The Salmonella enterica subsp. enterica serovar Typhimurium (ST) T3SS has been the most characterized so far. Among gram-negative bacterium, ST is one of enterica groups predicted to have two T3SSs activated during different phases of infection. OBJECTIVE: To comprise current information about ST T3SS structure and function as well as an overview of its assembly and hierarchical regulation. METHODS: With a brief and straightforward reading, this review summarized aspects of both ST T3SS, such as its structure and function. That was possible due to the development of novel techniques, such as X-ray crystallography, cryoelectron microscopy, and nano-gold labelling, which also elucidated the mechanisms behind T3SS assembly and regulation, which was addressed in this review. CONCLUSION: This paper provided fundamental overview of ST T3SS assembly and regulation, besides summarized the structure and function of this complex. Due to T3SS relevance in ST pathogenicity, this complex could become a potential target in therapeutic studies as this nanomachine modulates the infection process.
BACKGROUND: Type Three Secretion Systems (T3SS) are nanomachine complexes, which display the ability to inject effector proteins directly into host cells. This skill allows for gram-negative bacteria to modulate several host cell responses, such as cytoskeleton rearrangement, signal transduction, and cytokine production, which in turn increase the pathogenicity of these bacteria. The Salmonella enterica subsp. enterica serovar Typhimurium (ST) T3SS has been the most characterized so far. Among gram-negative bacterium, ST is one of enterica groups predicted to have two T3SSs activated during different phases of infection. OBJECTIVE: To comprise current information about ST T3SS structure and function as well as an overview of its assembly and hierarchical regulation. METHODS: With a brief and straightforward reading, this review summarized aspects of both ST T3SS, such as its structure and function. That was possible due to the development of novel techniques, such as X-ray crystallography, cryoelectron microscopy, and nano-gold labelling, which also elucidated the mechanisms behind T3SS assembly and regulation, which was addressed in this review. CONCLUSION: This paper provided fundamental overview of ST T3SS assembly and regulation, besides summarized the structure and function of this complex. Due to T3SS relevance in ST pathogenicity, this complex could become a potential target in therapeutic studies as this nanomachine modulates the infection process.
Entities:
Keywords:
Effector proteins; Enterobacteriaceae; Injectosome; Needle complex; Protein secretion; T3SS
Authors: Samuel Wagner; Lisa Königsmaier; María Lara-Tejero; Matthew Lefebre; Thomas C Marlovits; Jorge E Galán Journal: Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A Date: 2010-09-27 Impact factor: 11.205