Yusuf Öztürk1, Gonca Özyurt2, Serkan Turan3, Caner Mutlu4, Ali Evren Tufan5, Aynur Pekcanlar Akay3. 1. Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Abant İzzet Baysal University Medical Faculty, Bolu, Turkey. 2. Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, İzmir Katip Çelebi University Medical Faculty, Izmir, Turkey. 3. Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Dokuz Eylül University Medical Faculty, İzmir, Turkey. 4. Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Bakırköy Mental Health and Disorders Research and Training Hospital, İstanbul, Turkey. 5. Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Acıbadem University Mehmet Ali Aydınlar Medical Faculty, İstanbul, Turkey.
Abstract
INTRODUCTION: Studies have suggested that attachment styles are associated with social anxiety disorder (SAD). Recent studies found that individuals with a diagnosis of SAD were significantly impaired relative to healthy controls on tasks of theory of mind (ToM). We aimed to investigate the association of ToM and attachment styles in adolescents diagnosed with SAD in this study. METHODS: Drug-naïve 42 adolescents diagnosed with SAD and aged between 12 to 18, without psychiatric comorbidity were enrolled in the patient group. Forty-two adolescents in the same age range without any psychiatric disorders were matched as the healthy control group. The diagnosis was made by experienced clinicians using the Kiddie and Young Adult Schedule for Affective Disorders and Schizophrenia Present and Lifetime Version and diagnostic criteria of Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders Fifth Edition. The severity of SAD symptoms was evaluated with the Social Anxiety Scale for Adolescents. ToM was evaluated with Reading the Mind in the Eyes task and faces test. Parent and Peer Attachment Inventory was used for assessing attachment properties. RESULTS: Adolescents with SAD compared to healthy control groups have more difficulties both in Reading the Mind in the Eyes task and faces test. We found a statistically significant decrease in peer and parent attachment scores when compared with SAD and healthy controls (p<0.05). A negative correlation between the severity of SAD and both ToM tasks and attachment has been found. CONCLUSIONS: The results of this study indicate that ToM deficits and insecure attachment style may play an important role in the etiology and treatment of SAD in adolescents. Copyright:
INTRODUCTION: Studies have suggested that attachment styles are associated with social anxiety disorder (SAD). Recent studies found that individuals with a diagnosis of SAD were significantly impaired relative to healthy controls on tasks of theory of mind (ToM). We aimed to investigate the association of ToM and attachment styles in adolescents diagnosed with SAD in this study. METHODS: Drug-naïve 42 adolescents diagnosed with SAD and aged between 12 to 18, without psychiatric comorbidity were enrolled in the patient group. Forty-two adolescents in the same age range without any psychiatric disorders were matched as the healthy control group. The diagnosis was made by experienced clinicians using the Kiddie and Young Adult Schedule for Affective Disorders and Schizophrenia Present and Lifetime Version and diagnostic criteria of Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders Fifth Edition. The severity of SAD symptoms was evaluated with the Social Anxiety Scale for Adolescents. ToM was evaluated with Reading the Mind in the Eyes task and faces test. Parent and Peer Attachment Inventory was used for assessing attachment properties. RESULTS: Adolescents with SAD compared to healthy control groups have more difficulties both in Reading the Mind in the Eyes task and faces test. We found a statistically significant decrease in peer and parent attachment scores when compared with SAD and healthy controls (p<0.05). A negative correlation between the severity of SAD and both ToM tasks and attachment has been found. CONCLUSIONS: The results of this study indicate that ToM deficits and insecure attachment style may play an important role in the etiology and treatment of SAD in adolescents. Copyright:
Authors: J Kaufman; B Birmaher; D Brent; U Rao; C Flynn; P Moreci; D Williamson; N Ryan Journal: J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry Date: 1997-07 Impact factor: 8.829