Will Abbott1, Adam Brett1, Thomas E Brownlee2, Kelly M Hammond2, Liam D Harper3, Robert J Naughton3, Liam Anderson4, Edward H Munson5, Jack V Sharkey6, Rebecca K Randell7,8, Tom Clifford9,10. 1. Brighton and Hove Albion F.C, American Express Elite Performance Centre, Lancing, UK. 2. Research Institute for Sport and Exercise Sciences, Liverpool John Moores University, Liverpool, UK. 3. School of Human and Health Sciences, University of Huddersfield, Huddersfield, UK. 4. Crewe Alexandra Football Club, Alexandra Stadium, Gretsy Road, Crewe, Cheshire, UK. 5. Harlequins Football Rugby Club, Twickenham, London, UK. 6. Aston Villa Football Club, Villa Park, Birmingham, UK. 7. Gatorade Sports Science Institute, Life Sciences R&D, PepsiCo, Leicester, UK. 8. School of Sport, Exercise and Health Sciences, Loughborough University, Loughborough, LE11 3TU, UK. 9. School of Sport, Exercise and Health Sciences, Loughborough University, Loughborough, LE11 3TU, UK. t.clifford@lboro.ac.uk. 10. Institute of Cellular Medicine, Newcastle University, Newcastle on Tyne, UK. t.clifford@lboro.ac.uk.
Abstract
PURPOSE: To examine the prevalence of disordered eating (DE) in elite male and female soccer players and the influence of perfectionism. METHODS: Using a cross-sectional design, elite male (n = 137) and female (n = 70) soccer players and non-athlete controls (n = 179) completed the clinical perfectionism questionnaire (CPQ-12) and the eating attitudes test (EAT-26) to assess perfectionism and DE risk, respectively. RESULTS: Male soccer players had higher EAT-26 scores than controls (10.4 ± 9.9 vs. 6.8 ± 6.7; P = 0.001), but there were no differences in the prevalence of clinical levels of DE (EAT-26 score ≥ 20) (15 vs. 5%, respectively; X2 = 0.079) The proportion of females with DE risk was higher in controls [EAT-26: 13.9 ± 11.6 (25% of population)] than female players [EAT-26: 10.0 ± 9.0% (11% of population)] (X2 = 0.001). With linear regression, perfectionism explained 20% of the variation in DE risk in males (P = 0.001); in females, athletic status (player vs. control) and perfectionism were significant predictors of DE risk, explaining 21% of the variation (P = 0.001). Male reserve team players had higher EAT-26 (+ 3.5) and perfectionism (+ 2.7) scores than first-team players (P < 0.05). There were no differences in the prevalence of DE risk between the male and female soccer players (X2 = 0.595). CONCLUSIONS: The prevalence of DE risk was not different in elite male and female soccer players; in fact, the prevalence was greatest in non-athlete female controls. Perfectionism is a significant predictor of DE risk in males and females. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE: III, case-control study.
PURPOSE: To examine the prevalence of disordered eating (DE) in elite male and female soccer players and the influence of perfectionism. METHODS: Using a cross-sectional design, elite male (n = 137) and female (n = 70) soccer players and non-athlete controls (n = 179) completed the clinical perfectionism questionnaire (CPQ-12) and the eating attitudes test (EAT-26) to assess perfectionism and DE risk, respectively. RESULTS: Male soccer players had higher EAT-26 scores than controls (10.4 ± 9.9 vs. 6.8 ± 6.7; P = 0.001), but there were no differences in the prevalence of clinical levels of DE (EAT-26 score ≥ 20) (15 vs. 5%, respectively; X2 = 0.079) The proportion of females with DE risk was higher in controls [EAT-26: 13.9 ± 11.6 (25% of population)] than female players [EAT-26: 10.0 ± 9.0% (11% of population)] (X2 = 0.001). With linear regression, perfectionism explained 20% of the variation in DE risk in males (P = 0.001); in females, athletic status (player vs. control) and perfectionism were significant predictors of DE risk, explaining 21% of the variation (P = 0.001). Male reserve team players had higher EAT-26 (+ 3.5) and perfectionism (+ 2.7) scores than first-team players (P < 0.05). There were no differences in the prevalence of DE risk between the male and female soccer players (X2 = 0.595). CONCLUSIONS: The prevalence of DE risk was not different in elite male and female soccer players; in fact, the prevalence was greatest in non-athlete female controls. Perfectionism is a significant predictor of DE risk in males and females. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE: III, case-control study.
Authors: Simon M Rice; Rosemary Purcell; Stefanie De Silva; Daveena Mawren; Patrick D McGorry; Alexandra G Parker Journal: Sports Med Date: 2016-09 Impact factor: 11.136
Authors: Danielle A N Chapa; Sarah N Johnson; Brianne N Richson; Kayla Bjorlie; Ying Q Won; Sarah V Nelson; Joseph Ayres; Daiil Jun; Kelsie T Forbush; Kara A Christensen; Victoria L Perko Journal: Int J Eat Disord Date: 2022-06-04 Impact factor: 5.791
Authors: Rebecca K Randell; Thomas Clifford; Barry Drust; Samantha L Moss; Viswanath B Unnithan; Mark B A De Ste Croix; Naomi Datson; Daniel Martin; Hannah Mayho; James M Carter; Ian Rollo Journal: Sports Med Date: 2021-04-12 Impact factor: 11.136
Authors: Yannis Karrer; Robin Halioua; Sonja Mötteli; Samuel Iff; Erich Seifritz; Matthias Jäger; Malte Christian Claussen Journal: BMJ Open Sport Exerc Med Date: 2020-10-23