Talita Katiane Brito1,2, Rony Lucas Silva Viana2,3, Cláudia Jassica Gonçalves Moreno3,4, Jefferson da Silva Barbosa1,2,5, Francimar Lopes de Sousa Júnior6, Mayara Jane Campos de Medeiros6, Raniere Fagundes Melo-Silveira2,3, Jailma Almeida-Lima1,2,3, Daniel de Lima Pontes6, Marcelo Sousa Silva3,4,7, Hugo Alexandre Oliveira Rocha1,2,3. 1. Postgraduate Program in Health Sciences, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte (UFRN), Natal, Rio Grande do Norte 59012-570, Brazil. 2. Laboratory of Biotechnology of Natural Polymers (BIOPOL), Department of Biochemistry, Center of Biosciences, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte (UFRN), Natal, Rio Grande do Norte 59078-970, Brazil. 3. Postgraduate Program in Biochemistry, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte UFRN), Natal, Rio Grande do Norte 59078-970, Brazil. 4. Laboratory of Immunoparasitology, Department of Clinical and Toxicological Analysis, Health Sciences Center, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, Rio Grande do Norte 59012-570, Brazil. 5. Federal Institute of Education, Science and Technology of Rio Grande do Norte (IFRN), Natal, Rio Grande do Norte 59500-000, Brazil. 6. Laboratory of Chemistry of Coordination and Polymers (LQCPol), Institute of Chemistry, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte (UFRN), Natal, Rio Grande do Norte 59078-970, Brazil. 7. Global Health and Tropical Medicine, Institute of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, New University of Lisbon, Lisboa 1349-008, Portugal.
Abstract
BACKGROUND: Chagas disease, also known as American Trypanosomiasis, is caused by the protozoan Trypanosoma cruzi. It is occurring in Americas, including USA and Canada, and Europe and its current treatment involves the use of two drugs as follows: benznidazole (BNZ) and nifurtimox, which present high toxicity and low efficacy during the chronic phase of the disease, thus promoting the search for more effective therapeutic alternatives. Amongst them xylan, a bioactive polysaccharide, extracted from corn cob. METHODS: Ultraviolet-visible spectroscopy, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FITR), Raman spectroscopy, energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS), scanning electron microscopy, atomic force microscopy, plasma optical emission spectroscopy (ICP-OES), dynamic light scattering (DLS) have been used to characterize the silver-xylan nanoparticles (NX). Their cytotoxicity was evaluated with 3-bromo(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium (MTT) test. MTT and flow cytometry were used to ascertain the anti-Trypanosoma cruzi activity. RESULTS: UV-Vis spectroscopy gave plasmon resonance ranging between 400 and 450 nm while FITC and Raman spectroscopy proved nano interface functionalized with xylan. ICP-OES data showed NX with xylan (81%) and silver (19%). EDS showed NX consisting of carbon (59.4%), oxygen (26.2%) and silver (4.8%) main elements. Spherical NX of 55 nm average size has been depicted with SEM and AFM, while DLS showed 102 ± 1.7 nm NX. The NX displayed negligible cytotoxicity (2000 µg/mL). NX (100 µg/mL) was more effective, regardless of experiment time, in affecting the ability of parasites to reduce MTT than BZN (100 µg/mL). In addition, NX (100 µg/mL) induced death of 95% of parasites by necrosis. CONCLUSION: This is the first time silver nanoparticles are presented as an anti-Trypanosoma cruzi agent and the data point to the potential application of NX to new preclinical studies in vitro and in vivo.
BACKGROUND: Chagas disease, also known as American Trypanosomiasis, is caused by the protozoan Trypanosoma cruzi. It is occurring in Americas, including USA and Canada, and Europe and its current treatment involves the use of two drugs as follows: benznidazole (BNZ) and nifurtimox, which present high toxicity and low efficacy during the chronic phase of the disease, thus promoting the search for more effective therapeutic alternatives. Amongst them xylan, a bioactive polysaccharide, extracted from corn cob. METHODS: Ultraviolet-visible spectroscopy, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FITR), Raman spectroscopy, energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS), scanning electron microscopy, atomic force microscopy, plasma optical emission spectroscopy (ICP-OES), dynamic light scattering (DLS) have been used to characterize the silver-xylan nanoparticles (NX). Their cytotoxicity was evaluated with 3-bromo(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium (MTT) test. MTT and flow cytometry were used to ascertain the anti-Trypanosoma cruzi activity. RESULTS: UV-Vis spectroscopy gave plasmon resonance ranging between 400 and 450 nm while FITC and Raman spectroscopy proved nano interface functionalized with xylan. ICP-OES data showed NX with xylan (81%) and silver (19%). EDS showed NX consisting of carbon (59.4%), oxygen (26.2%) and silver (4.8%) main elements. Spherical NX of 55 nm average size has been depicted with SEM and AFM, while DLS showed 102 ± 1.7 nm NX. The NX displayed negligible cytotoxicity (2000 µg/mL). NX (100 µg/mL) was more effective, regardless of experiment time, in affecting the ability of parasites to reduce MTT than BZN (100 µg/mL). In addition, NX (100 µg/mL) induced death of 95% of parasites by necrosis. CONCLUSION: This is the first time silver nanoparticles are presented as an anti-Trypanosoma cruzi agent and the data point to the potential application of NX to new preclinical studies in vitro and in vivo.
Authors: Edjane M A Barroso; Leandro S Costa; Valquíria P Medeiros; Sara L Cordeiro; Mariana S S P Costa; Célia R C Franco; Helena B Nader; Edda L Leite; Hugo A O Rocha Journal: Planta Med Date: 2008-05-21 Impact factor: 3.352
Authors: Linda C Stoehr; Edgar Gonzalez; Andreas Stampfl; Eudald Casals; Albert Duschl; Victor Puntes; Gertie J Oostingh Journal: Part Fibre Toxicol Date: 2011-12-30 Impact factor: 9.400
Authors: Edyta B Hendiger; Marcin Padzik; Ines Sifaoui; María Reyes-Batlle; Atteneri López-Arencibia; Aitor Rizo-Liendo; Carlos J Bethencourt-Estrella; Desirée San Nicolás-Hernández; Olfa Chiboub; Rubén L Rodríguez-Expósito; Marta Grodzik; Anna Pietruczuk-Padzik; Karolina Stępień; Gabriela Olędzka; Lidia Chomicz; José E Piñero; Jacob Lorenzo-Morales Journal: Pathogens Date: 2020-05-05