Yongwei Guo1, Friederike Schaub1, Joel M Mor1, Renbing Jia1, Konrad R Koch1, Ludwig M Heindl1. 1. From the Department of Ophthalmology, University of Cologne, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne; the Center for Integrated Oncology (CIO) Aachen - Bonn - Cologne - Duesseldorf; and the Department of Ophthalmology, Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai JiaoTong University School of Medicine.
Abstract
BACKGROUND: The three-dimensional surface imaging system is becoming more common in plastic surgeries. However, few studies have assessed three-dimensional periocular structures and surgical outcomes. This study aimed to propose a standardized three-dimensional anthropometric protocol for the periocular region, investigate its precision and accuracy, and determine the three-dimensional periocular anthropometric norms for young Caucasians. METHODS: Thirty-nine healthy young Caucasians (78 eyes) were enrolled. Three-dimensional facial images were obtained with a VECTRA M3 stereophotogrammetry device. Thirty-eight measurements in periocular regions were obtained from these images. Every subject underwent facial surface capture twice to evaluate its precision. A paper ruler was applied to assess its accuracy. RESULTS: Sixty-three percent of measurements in linear distances, curvatures, angles, and indices were found to reach a statistically significant difference between sexes (p ≤ 0.05, respectively). Across all measurements, the average mean absolute difference was 0.29 mm in linear dimensions, 0.56 mm in curvatures, 1.67 degrees in angles, and 0.02 in indices. In relative error of magnitude, 18 percent of the measurements were determined excellent, 51 percent very good, 31 percent good, and none moderate. The mean value of the paper-ruler scale was 10.01 ± 0.05 mm, the mean absolute difference value 0.02 mm, and the relative error of magnitude 0.17 percent. CONCLUSIONS: This is the first study to propose a detailed and standardized three-dimensional anthropometric protocol for the periocular region and confirm its high precision and accuracy. The results provided novel metric data concerning young Caucasian periocular anthropometry and determined the variability between sexes.
BACKGROUND: The three-dimensional surface imaging system is becoming more common in plastic surgeries. However, few studies have assessed three-dimensional periocular structures and surgical outcomes. This study aimed to propose a standardized three-dimensional anthropometric protocol for the periocular region, investigate its precision and accuracy, and determine the three-dimensional periocular anthropometric norms for young Caucasians. METHODS: Thirty-nine healthy young Caucasians (78 eyes) were enrolled. Three-dimensional facial images were obtained with a VECTRA M3 stereophotogrammetry device. Thirty-eight measurements in periocular regions were obtained from these images. Every subject underwent facial surface capture twice to evaluate its precision. A paper ruler was applied to assess its accuracy. RESULTS: Sixty-three percent of measurements in linear distances, curvatures, angles, and indices were found to reach a statistically significant difference between sexes (p ≤ 0.05, respectively). Across all measurements, the average mean absolute difference was 0.29 mm in linear dimensions, 0.56 mm in curvatures, 1.67 degrees in angles, and 0.02 in indices. In relative error of magnitude, 18 percent of the measurements were determined excellent, 51 percent very good, 31 percent good, and none moderate. The mean value of the paper-ruler scale was 10.01 ± 0.05 mm, the mean absolute difference value 0.02 mm, and the relative error of magnitude 0.17 percent. CONCLUSIONS: This is the first study to propose a detailed and standardized three-dimensional anthropometric protocol for the periocular region and confirm its high precision and accuracy. The results provided novel metric data concerning young Caucasian periocular anthropometry and determined the variability between sexes.
Authors: Yongwei Guo; Ludwig M Heindl; Wanlin Fan; Alexander C Rokohl; Patrick Kupka; Xiaoyi Hou; Jinhua Liu; Senmao Li; Adam Kopecky; Sitong Ju; Philomena A Wawer Matos Journal: Ophthalmol Ther Date: 2022-10-16
Authors: Gabriel Bouhadana; Jordan Gornitsky; Eli Saleh; Nadia Oliveira Trabelsi; Daniel E Borsuk Journal: Plast Reconstr Surg Glob Open Date: 2022-04-22
Authors: Wanlin Fan; Yongwei Guo; Xiaoyi Hou; Jinhua Liu; Senmao Li; Sitong Ju; Philomena Alice Wawer Matos; Michael Simon; Alexander C Rokohl; Ludwig M Heindl Journal: Front Med (Lausanne) Date: 2022-03-11
Authors: Xiaoyi Hou; Alexander C Rokohl; Yongwei Guo; Ludwig M Heindl; Marius M Meinke; Jinhua Liu; Senmao Li; Wanlin Fan; Ming Lin; Renbing Jia Journal: Aesthetic Plast Surg Date: 2021-07-07 Impact factor: 2.708
Authors: Xiaoyi Hou; Alexander C Rokohl; Marius M Meinke; Senmao Li; Jinhua Liu; Wanlin Fan; Ming Lin; Renbing Jia; Yongwei Guo; Ludwig M Heindl Journal: Quant Imaging Med Surg Date: 2021-08