Rayane Rafei1, Malaik Hawli1, Marwan Osman1, Fouad Dabboussi1, Monzer Hamze2. 1. Laboratoire Microbiologie Santé et Environnement (LMSE), Doctoral School of Sciences and Technology, Faculty of Public Health, Lebanese University, Tripoli, Lebanon. 2. Laboratoire Microbiologie Santé et Environnement (LMSE), Doctoral School of Sciences and Technology, Faculty of Public Health, Lebanese University, Tripoli, Lebanon. Electronic address: mhamze@monzerhamze.com.
Abstract
OBJECTIVES: The aim of this review was to provide an updated scenario on the epidemiology of group A streptococci (GAS) in the Middle East and North Africa (MENA) region with a special spotlight on the most prevalent emmtypes and macrolide resistance profiles. METHODS: This review briefly summarises the disease burden for GAS in the MENA region. RESULTS: Whilst the burden of invasive GAS infections is difficult to assess in the MENA region, the GAS prevalence ranged from 2.5% up to 42.4% in pharyngitis patients and from 2.4% up to 35.4% in healthy carriers.emm1, emm12, emm89, emm4, emm28 and emm3were responsible for the major GAS burden in the MENA region. The coverage rate of the new M protein-based vaccine candidate (30-valent) varied from 42% to 100% according to the country. The rate of erythromycin resistance differed substantially between countries from low to moderate or high. CONCLUSION: These data add more shreds of evidence on the neglected GAS burden in the MENA region. Systematic surveillance of invasive GAS infections along with molecular characterisation of GAS isolates are strongly recommended to track the trends of circulating clones and to evaluate the potential coverage of vaccine candidates.
OBJECTIVES: The aim of this review was to provide an updated scenario on the epidemiology of group A streptococci (GAS) in the Middle East and North Africa (MENA) region with a special spotlight on the most prevalent emmtypes and macrolide resistance profiles. METHODS: This review briefly summarises the disease burden for GAS in the MENA region. RESULTS: Whilst the burden of invasive GAS infections is difficult to assess in the MENA region, the GAS prevalence ranged from 2.5% up to 42.4% in pharyngitispatients and from 2.4% up to 35.4% in healthy carriers.emm1, emm12, emm89, emm4, emm28 and emm3were responsible for the major GAS burden in the MENA region. The coverage rate of the new M protein-based vaccine candidate (30-valent) varied from 42% to 100% according to the country. The rate of erythromycin resistance differed substantially between countries from low to moderate or high. CONCLUSION: These data add more shreds of evidence on the neglected GAS burden in the MENA region. Systematic surveillance of invasive GAS infections along with molecular characterisation of GAS isolates are strongly recommended to track the trends of circulating clones and to evaluate the potential coverage of vaccine candidates.