Xixuan Lu1,2, Xiaoguang Shi3,1, Yanbo Li4, Haiyi Chi5, Eryuan Liao6, Chao Liu7, Libin Liu8, Yongze Li3,1, Di Teng3,1, Xiaochun Teng3,1, Jianming Ba9, Bing Chen10, Jianling Du11, Lanjie He2, Xiaoyang Lai12, Guijun Qin13, Yingfen Qin14, Huibiao Quan15, Bingyin Shi16, Hui Sun17, Xulei Tang18, Nanwei Tong19, Guixia Wang20, Jin-An Zhang21, Youmin Wang22, Yuanming Xue23, Li Yan24, Jing Yang25, Lihui Yang26, Yongli Yao27, Zhen Ye28, Qiao Zhang29, Lihui Zhang30, Jun Zhu31, Mei Zhu32, Zhongyan Shan33,34, Weiping Teng35. 1. The Institute of Endocrinology, The First Hospital of China Medical University, No. 155, Nanjing Bei Street, Shenyang, 110001, Liaoning, People's Republic of China. 2. Department of Endocrinology, Cardiovascular and Cerebrovascular Disease Hospital, Ningxia Medical University General Hospital, Yinchuan, 750004, Ningxia, People's Republic of China. 3. Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, The First Hospital of China Medical University, No. 155, Nanjing Bei Street, Shenyang, 110001, Liaoning, People's Republic of China. 4. Department of Endocrinology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, 150001, Heilongjiang, People's Republic of China. 5. Department of Endocrinology, Hohhot First Hospital, Hohhot, 010000, Inner Mongolia, People's Republic of China. 6. Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410011, Hunan, People's Republic of China. 7. Research Center of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Affiliated Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210028, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China. 8. Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Fujian Institute of Endocrinology, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, Fuzhou, 350001, Fujian, People's Republic of China. 9. Department of Endocrinology, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, 100853, People's Republic of China. 10. Department of Endocrinology, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, 400038, People's Republic of China. 11. Department of Endocrinology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, 116011, Liaoning, People's Republic of China. 12. Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330006, Jiangxi, People's Republic of China. 13. Division of Endocrinology, Department of Internal Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450052, Henan, People's Republic of China. 14. Department of Endocrine, First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, 530021, Guangxi, People's Republic of China. 15. Department of Endocrinology, Hainan General Hospital, Haikou, 570311, Hainan, People's Republic of China. 16. Department of Endocrinology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710061, Shanxi, People's Republic of China. 17. Department of Endocrinology, Tongji Medical College, Union Hospital, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022, Hubei, People's Republic of China. 18. Department of Endocrinology, The First Hospital of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, Gansu, People's Republic of China. 19. State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, People's Republic of China. 20. Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, 130021, Jilin, People's Republic of China. 21. Department of Endocrinology, Shanghai University of Medicine and Health Science Affiliated Zhoupu Hospital, Shanghai, 201318, People's Republic of China. 22. Department of Endocrinology, The First Hospital of An Hui Medical University, Hefei, 230000, Anhui, People's Republic of China. 23. Department of Endocrinology, The First People's Hospital of Yunnan Province, Kunming, 650032, Yunnan, People's Republic of China. 24. Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510120, Guangdong, People's Republic of China. 25. Department of Endocrinology, The First Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, 030001, Shanxi, People's Republic of China. 26. Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, People's Hospital of Tibet Autonomous Region, Lhasa, 850000, Tibet, People's Republic of China. 27. Department of Endocrinology, Qinghai Provincial People's Hospital, Xining, 810000, Qinghai, People's Republic of China. 28. Zhejiang Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Hangzhou, 310051, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China. 29. Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Affiliated Hospital of Guiyang Medical University, Guiyang, 550004, Guizhou, People's Republic of China. 30. Department of Endocrinology, Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, 050000, Hebei, People's Republic of China. 31. Department of Endocrinology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, 830054, Xinjiang, People's Republic of China. 32. Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, 300052, People's Republic of China. 33. Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, The First Hospital of China Medical University, No. 155, Nanjing Bei Street, Shenyang, 110001, Liaoning, People's Republic of China. cmushanzhongyan@163.com. 34. The Institute of Endocrinology, The First Hospital of China Medical University, No. 155, Nanjing Bei Street, Shenyang, 110001, Liaoning, People's Republic of China. cmushanzhongyan@163.com. 35. The Institute of Endocrinology, The First Hospital of China Medical University, No. 155, Nanjing Bei Street, Shenyang, 110001, Liaoning, People's Republic of China. twp@vip.163.com.
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS: Iodine is one of the most important trace elements in the human body. It is not only the main component of thyroid hormones but also has extrathyroid biological functions. To date, there have been no large-scale epidemiological studies on the relationship between hyperuricemia and iodine intake, although both are closely related to health. A population-based epidemiological survey in China offers such an opportunity. METHODS: This population-based cross-sectional study recruited 75,653 adults aged ≥ 18 years from 2015 to 2017 with a randomized, multistage, stratified sampling strategy. Serum uric acid levels and urinary iodine concentrations (UICs) were measured. RESULTS: Stratified by UIC, the prevalence of hyperuricemia was 17.8%, 18.8%, 16.0% and 13.7% in the UIC < 100, 100-199, 200-299, and ≥ 300 μg/L groups, respectively; the prevalence of gout was 4.0%, 3.4%, 2.4% and 1.7%, respectively. The prevalence of gout decreased significantly as the UIC increased. The prevalence of hyperuricemia and gout were markedly higher in postmenopausal females than in the premenopausal population (hyperuricemia: 15.9% vs. 8.3%, X2 = 520.072, p < 0.001; gout: 3.6% vs. 1.3%, X2 = 219.889, p < 0.001), and the prevalence decreased as the UIC increased. Subjects in the more than adequate and excessive iodine groups had lower likelihoods of having hyperuricemia [aOR = 0.81 (95% CI 0.77-0.85), aOR = 0.68 (95% CI 0.64-0.72)] and lower odds of having gout than subjects in the adequate iodine (AI) group [aOR = 0.77 (95% CI 0.68-0.86), aOR = 0.59 (95% CI 0.51-0.68)]. CONCLUSIONS: UIC was inversely associated with the occurrence of hyperuricemia and gout. More in-depth research and prospective studies are needed to explore the molecular mechanisms and confirm the observed association.
BACKGROUND AND AIMS: Iodine is one of the most important trace elements in the human body. It is not only the main component of thyroid hormones but also has extrathyroid biological functions. To date, there have been no large-scale epidemiological studies on the relationship between hyperuricemia and iodine intake, although both are closely related to health. A population-based epidemiological survey in China offers such an opportunity. METHODS: This population-based cross-sectional study recruited 75,653 adults aged ≥ 18 years from 2015 to 2017 with a randomized, multistage, stratified sampling strategy. Serum uric acid levels and urinary iodine concentrations (UICs) were measured. RESULTS: Stratified by UIC, the prevalence of hyperuricemia was 17.8%, 18.8%, 16.0% and 13.7% in the UIC < 100, 100-199, 200-299, and ≥ 300 μg/L groups, respectively; the prevalence of gout was 4.0%, 3.4%, 2.4% and 1.7%, respectively. The prevalence of gout decreased significantly as the UIC increased. The prevalence of hyperuricemia and gout were markedly higher in postmenopausal females than in the premenopausal population (hyperuricemia: 15.9% vs. 8.3%, X2 = 520.072, p < 0.001; gout: 3.6% vs. 1.3%, X2 = 219.889, p < 0.001), and the prevalence decreased as the UIC increased. Subjects in the more than adequate and excessive iodine groups had lower likelihoods of having hyperuricemia [aOR = 0.81 (95% CI 0.77-0.85), aOR = 0.68 (95% CI 0.64-0.72)] and lower odds of having gout than subjects in the adequate iodine (AI) group [aOR = 0.77 (95% CI 0.68-0.86), aOR = 0.59 (95% CI 0.51-0.68)]. CONCLUSIONS: UIC was inversely associated with the occurrence of hyperuricemia and gout. More in-depth research and prospective studies are needed to explore the molecular mechanisms and confirm the observed association.
Authors: Min Tao; Xiaoyan Ma; Xiaoling Pi; Yingfeng Shi; Lunxian Tang; Yan Hu; Hui Chen; Xun Zhou; Lin Du; Yongbin Chi; Shougang Zhuang; Na Liu Journal: BMJ Open Date: 2021-09-16 Impact factor: 3.006