Małgorzata J Lubczyńska1,2,3, Ryan L Muetzel4,5, Hanan El Marroun4,6,7, Xavier Basagaña1,2,3, Maciej Strak8, William Denault9,10,11, Vincent W V Jaddoe5,7, Manon Hillegers4, Meike W Vernooij12,13, Gerard Hoek8, Tonya White4,13, Bert Brunekreef8,14, Henning Tiemeier4,15, Mònica Guxens1,2,3,4. 1. Barcelona Institute for Global Health (ISGlobal)-Campus Mar, Barcelona, Spain. 2. Pompeu Fabra University, Barcelona, Spain. 3. Spanish Consortium for Research on Epidemiology and Public Health (CIBERESP), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain. 4. Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry/Psychology, Erasmus University Medical Centre-Sophia Children's Hospital, Rotterdam, Netherlands. 5. The Generation R Study Group, Erasmus University Medical Centre, Rotterdam, Netherlands. 6. Department of Psychology, Education and Child Studies, Erasmus School of Social and Behavioural Sciences, Rotterdam, Netherlands. 7. Department of Pediatrics, Erasmus University Medical Centre-Sophia Children's Hospital, Rotterdam, Netherlands. 8. Institute for Risk Assessment Sciences, Utrecht University, Utrecht, Netherlands. 9. Department of Genetics and Bioinformatics, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Oslo, Norway. 10. Department of Gobal Public Health and Primary Care, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway. 11. Center for Fertility and Health (CeFH), Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Oslo, Norway. 12. Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus University Medical Centre, Rotterdam, Netherlands. 13. Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Erasmus University Medical Centre, Rotterdam, Netherlands. 14. Julius Center for Health Sciences and Primary Care, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, Netherlands. 15. Department of Social and Behavioral Science, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.
Abstract
BACKGROUND: Air pollution has been related to brain structural alterations, but a relationship with white matter microstructure is unclear. OBJECTIVES: We assessed whether pregnancy and childhood exposures to air pollution are related to white matter microstructure in preadolescents. METHODS: We used data of 2,954 children from the Generation R Study, a population-based birth cohort from Rotterdam, Netherlands (2002-2006). Concentrations of 17 air pollutants including nitrogen oxides (NOX), particulate matter (PM), and components of PM were estimated at participants' homes during pregnancy and childhood using land-use regression models. Diffusion tensor images were obtained at child's 9-12 years of age, and fractional anisotropy (FA) and mean diffusivity (MD) were computed. We performed linear regressions adjusting for socioeconomic and lifestyle characteristics. Single-pollutant analyses were followed by multipollutant analyses using the Deletion/Substitution/Addition (DSA) algorithm. RESULTS: In the single-pollutant analyses, higher concentrations of several air pollutants during pregnancy or childhood were associated with significantly lower FA or higher MD (p<0.05). In multipollutant models of pregnancy exposures selected by DSA, higher concentration of fine particles was associated with significantly lower FA [-0.71 (95% CI: -1.26, -0.16) per 5 μg/m3 fine particles] and higher concentration of elemental silicon with significantly higher MD [0.06 (95% CI: 0.01, 0.11) per 100 ng/m3 silicon]. Multipollutant models of childhood exposures selected by DSA indicated significant associations of NOX with FA [-0.14 (95% CI: -0.23, -0.04) per 20-μg/m3 NOX increase], and of elemental zinc and the oxidative potential of PM with MD [0.03 (95% CI: 0.01, 0.04) per 10-ng/m3 zinc increase and 0.07 (95% CI: 0.00, 0.44) per 1-nmol DTT/min/m3 oxidative potential increase]. Mutually adjusted models of significant exposures during pregnancy and childhood indicated significant associations of silicon during pregnancy, and zinc during childhood, with MD. DISCUSSION: Exposure in pregnancy and childhood to air pollutants from tailpipe and non-tailpipe emissions were associated with lower FA and higher MD in white matter of preadolescents. https://doi.org/10.1289/EHP4709.
BACKGROUND: Air pollution has been related to brain structural alterations, but a relationship with white matter microstructure is unclear. OBJECTIVES: We assessed whether pregnancy and childhood exposures to air pollution are related to white matter microstructure in preadolescents. METHODS: We used data of 2,954 children from the Generation R Study, a population-based birth cohort from Rotterdam, Netherlands (2002-2006). Concentrations of 17 air pollutants including nitrogen oxides (NOX), particulate matter (PM), and components of PM were estimated at participants' homes during pregnancy and childhood using land-use regression models. Diffusion tensor images were obtained at child's 9-12 years of age, and fractional anisotropy (FA) and mean diffusivity (MD) were computed. We performed linear regressions adjusting for socioeconomic and lifestyle characteristics. Single-pollutant analyses were followed by multipollutant analyses using the Deletion/Substitution/Addition (DSA) algorithm. RESULTS: In the single-pollutant analyses, higher concentrations of several air pollutants during pregnancy or childhood were associated with significantly lower FA or higher MD (p<0.05). In multipollutant models of pregnancy exposures selected by DSA, higher concentration of fine particles was associated with significantly lower FA [-0.71 (95% CI: -1.26, -0.16) per 5 μg/m3 fine particles] and higher concentration of elemental silicon with significantly higher MD [0.06 (95% CI: 0.01, 0.11) per 100 ng/m3 silicon]. Multipollutant models of childhood exposures selected by DSA indicated significant associations of NOX with FA [-0.14 (95% CI: -0.23, -0.04) per 20-μg/m3 NOX increase], and of elemental zinc and the oxidative potential of PM with MD [0.03 (95% CI: 0.01, 0.04) per 10-ng/m3 zinc increase and 0.07 (95% CI: 0.00, 0.44) per 1-nmol DTT/min/m3 oxidative potential increase]. Mutually adjusted models of significant exposures during pregnancy and childhood indicated significant associations of silicon during pregnancy, and zinc during childhood, with MD. DISCUSSION: Exposure in pregnancy and childhood to air pollutants from tailpipe and non-tailpipe emissions were associated with lower FA and higher MD in white matter of preadolescents. https://doi.org/10.1289/EHP4709.
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