X Gary Tan1, Peter Matic1. 1. Materials Science and Technology Division (Code 6300), U.S. Naval Research Laboratory, 4555 Overlook Ave SW, Washington, DC 20375.
Abstract
INTRODUCTION: This study develops and demonstrates an analysis approach to understand the statistics of cumulative pressure exposure of the brain to repetitive blasts events. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A finite element model of blast loading on the head was used for brain model biomechanical responses. The cumulative pressure exposure fraction (CPEF), ranging from 0.0 to 1.0, was used to characterize the extent and repetition of high pressures. Monte Carlo simulations were performed to generate repetitive blast cumulative exposures. RESULTS: The blast orientation effect is as influential as the blast overpressure magnitudes. A 75° (from the side) blast orientation can produce CPEF values exceeding traumatic brain injury pressure thresholds >0.95 while, for the same blast overpressure, a 0° (front) blast orientation results in a CPEF <0.25. Monte Carlo results for different sequences reflecting notional operational and training environments show that both mean values and standard deviations of CPEF reach the statistically equilibrium state at a finite value of n exposures for each sequence. CONCLUSIONS: Statistical convergence of the brain pressure response metrics versus number of blasts for different exposures characterizes the transitions from "low" to "high" number of blasts and quantitatively highlights the differences between operational and training exposures. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of the Association of Military Surgeons of the United States 2020.
INTRODUCTION: This study develops and demonstrates an analysis approach to understand the statistics of cumulative pressure exposure of the brain to repetitive blasts events. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A finite element model of blast loading on the head was used for brain model biomechanical responses. The cumulative pressure exposure fraction (CPEF), ranging from 0.0 to 1.0, was used to characterize the extent and repetition of high pressures. Monte Carlo simulations were performed to generate repetitive blast cumulative exposures. RESULTS: The blast orientation effect is as influential as the blast overpressure magnitudes. A 75° (from the side) blast orientation can produce CPEF values exceeding traumatic brain injury pressure thresholds >0.95 while, for the same blast overpressure, a 0° (front) blast orientation results in a CPEF <0.25. Monte Carlo results for different sequences reflecting notional operational and training environments show that both mean values and standard deviations of CPEF reach the statistically equilibrium state at a finite value of n exposures for each sequence. CONCLUSIONS: Statistical convergence of the brain pressure response metrics versus number of blasts for different exposures characterizes the transitions from "low" to "high" number of blasts and quantitatively highlights the differences between operational and training exposures. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of the Association of Military Surgeons of the United States 2020.
Authors: X Gary Tan; Venkata Siva Sai Sujith Sajja; Maria M D'Souza; Raj K Gupta; Joseph B Long; Ajay K Singh; Amit Bagchi Journal: Front Bioeng Biotechnol Date: 2021-07-01