Xia Yan1, Hongye Lu1, Li Zhang1, Bin Zhu2, Muzi Piao3, Baoxin Huang4, Haidong Zhang1, Huanxin Meng5. 1. Department of Periodontology, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & National Engineering Laboratory for Digital and Material Technology of Stomatology & Beijing Key Laboratory of Digital Stomatology, Beijing 100081, China. 2. Department of Periodontology, Stomatology Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310006, China. 3. The Clinical Division, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, Beijing 100101, China. 4. Department of Oral Implantology, Guanghua School of Stomatology, Hospital of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Guangzhou 510060, China. 5. Department of Periodontology, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & National Engineering Laboratory for Digital and Material Technology of Stomatology & Beijing Key Laboratory of Digital Stomatology, Beijing 100081, China. Electronic address: kqhxmeng@bjmu.edu.cn.
Abstract
OBJECTIVE: To analyze the change of six periodontal pathogens around short locking taper implants and adjacent teeth in patients with different periodontal conditions for three years. METHODS: Sixty implants and 62 adjacent teeth from 24 patients with different periodontal condition: 5 patients with history of aggressive periodontitis (AgP) group, 14 patients with history of chronic periodontitis (CP), and 5 patients health or just with gingivitis (H group). Subgingival samples were collected at five timepoints: before implant placement (T1); before second stage operation (T2); one month after restoration (T3); one year after functional loading (T4) and two years after functional loading (T5). Porphyromonas gingivalis, Treponema denticola, Tannerella forsythia, Fusobacterium nucleatum, Prevotella intermedia, and Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans were detected by PCR. RESULTS: Pathogens were hardly found around implants or adjacent teeth until T4. The detection rates of 5 pathogens other than A. actinomycetemcomitans raised up from T3 to T5. F. nucleatum and P. gingivalis were mostly detected followed by P. intermedia, T. forsythia, and T. denticola. The detection rate of P. gingivalis in implants were higher than natural teeth. There was significant correlation between pathogenic bacteria from implants and adjacent teeth. A. actinomycetemcomitans were only detected positively in peri-implant sites of aggressive periodontitis. Peri-implantitis showed significantly higher T. denticola, F. nucleatum at T4, and P. gingivalis, F. nucleatum at T5 than peri-implant mucositis and health group. CONCLUSION: Periodontal pathogens accumulated in implants with time. Adjacent teeth may become the microbial reservoir. Patients with history of periodontitis face higher risk for peri-implant infection and need individualized implant maintenance. CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE: This study is a three-year longitudinal study on peri-implant bacteria and adjacent periodontal bacteria. It demonstrated that periodontal pathogens accumulated in implants with time. Adjacent teeth may become the microbial reservoir for peri-implant bacteria. Therefore, patients with a history of periodontitis face higher risk for peri-implant infection and need individualized implant maintenance.
OBJECTIVE: To analyze the change of six periodontal pathogens around short locking taper implants and adjacent teeth in patients with different periodontal conditions for three years. METHODS: Sixty implants and 62 adjacent teeth from 24 patients with different periodontal condition: 5 patients with history of aggressive periodontitis (AgP) group, 14 patients with history of chronic periodontitis (CP), and 5 patients health or just with gingivitis (H group). Subgingival samples were collected at five timepoints: before implant placement (T1); before second stage operation (T2); one month after restoration (T3); one year after functional loading (T4) and two years after functional loading (T5). Porphyromonas gingivalis, Treponema denticola, Tannerella forsythia, Fusobacterium nucleatum, Prevotella intermedia, and Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans were detected by PCR. RESULTS: Pathogens were hardly found around implants or adjacent teeth until T4. The detection rates of 5 pathogens other than A. actinomycetemcomitans raised up from T3 to T5. F. nucleatum and P. gingivalis were mostly detected followed by P. intermedia, T. forsythia, and T. denticola. The detection rate of P. gingivalis in implants were higher than natural teeth. There was significant correlation between pathogenic bacteria from implants and adjacent teeth. A. actinomycetemcomitans were only detected positively in peri-implant sites of aggressive periodontitis. Peri-implantitis showed significantly higher T. denticola, F. nucleatum at T4, and P. gingivalis, F. nucleatum at T5 than peri-implant mucositis and health group. CONCLUSION: Periodontal pathogens accumulated in implants with time. Adjacent teeth may become the microbial reservoir. Patients with history of periodontitis face higher risk for peri-implant infection and need individualized implant maintenance. CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE: This study is a three-year longitudinal study on peri-implant bacteria and adjacent periodontal bacteria. It demonstrated that periodontal pathogens accumulated in implants with time. Adjacent teeth may become the microbial reservoir for peri-implant bacteria. Therefore, patients with a history of periodontitis face higher risk for peri-implant infection and need individualized implant maintenance.