Sahar Elyahoodayan1, Christopher Larson2, Angelica M Cobo3, Ellis Meng4, Dong Song5. 1. Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90089, USA. Electronic address: elyahood@usc.edu. 2. Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90089, USA. Electronic address: larsonce@usc.edu. 3. Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90089, USA. Electronic address: acobo001@gmail.com. 4. Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90089, USA; Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, 90089, USA. Electronic address: ellis.meng@usc.edu. 5. Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90089, USA; Neuroscience Graduate Program, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, 90089, USA. Electronic address: dsong@usc.edu.
Abstract
BACKGROUND: Extraneural cuffs are among the least invasive peripheral nerve interfaces as they remain outside the nerve. However, compared with more invasive interfaces, these electrodes may suffer from lower selectivity and sensitivity since the targeted nerve fibers are more distanced from the electrodes. NEW METHOD: A lyse-and-attract cuff electrode (LACE) was enabled by microfabrication and developed to improve selectivity and sensitivity while maintaining a cuff format. Its engineering design was described in previous work. LACE is a hybrid cuff that integrates both microelectrodes and microfluidic channels. The ultimate goal is to increase fascicular selectivity and sensitivity by focal delivery via the microchannels of (1) lysing agent to remove connective tissue separating electrodes from nerve fibers, and (2) neurotrophic factors to promote axonal sprouting of the exposed nerve fibers into microfluidic channels where electrodes are embedded. Here, we focus on demonstrating in vivo function of microfluidics and microelectrodes in an acute preparation in which we evaluate the ability to focally remove connective tissue and record and stimulate with microchannel-embedded microelectrodes neural activity in rat sciatic nerves. COMPARISON WITH EXISTING METHODS: While extraneural interfaces prioritize nerve health and intraneural interfaces prioritize functionality, LACE represents a new extraneural approach which could potentially excel at both aims. RESULTS: Surgical implantation demonstrate preservation of LACE function following careful and minimal handling. In vivo electrical evaluation demonstrates the ability of microelectrodes placed within microfluidic channels to successfully stimulate and record compound action potentials from rat sciatic nerve. Furthermore, collagen-rich epineurium was focally removed following infusion of collagenase via microchannels and confirmed via microscopy. CONCLUSION: The feasibility of using a cuff having integrated microelectrodes and microfluidics to stimulate, record, and deliver drug to focally lyse away the epineurium layer was demonstrated in acute experiments on rat sciatic nerve. Published by Elsevier B.V.
BACKGROUND: Extraneural cuffs are among the least invasive peripheral nerve interfaces as they remain outside the nerve. However, compared with more invasive interfaces, these electrodes may suffer from lower selectivity and sensitivity since the targeted nerve fibers are more distanced from the electrodes. NEW METHOD: A lyse-and-attract cuff electrode (LACE) was enabled by microfabrication and developed to improve selectivity and sensitivity while maintaining a cuff format. Its engineering design was described in previous work. LACE is a hybrid cuff that integrates both microelectrodes and microfluidic channels. The ultimate goal is to increase fascicular selectivity and sensitivity by focal delivery via the microchannels of (1) lysing agent to remove connective tissue separating electrodes from nerve fibers, and (2) neurotrophic factors to promote axonal sprouting of the exposed nerve fibers into microfluidic channels where electrodes are embedded. Here, we focus on demonstrating in vivo function of microfluidics and microelectrodes in an acute preparation in which we evaluate the ability to focally remove connective tissue and record and stimulate with microchannel-embedded microelectrodes neural activity in rat sciatic nerves. COMPARISON WITH EXISTING METHODS: While extraneural interfaces prioritize nerve health and intraneural interfaces prioritize functionality, LACE represents a new extraneural approach which could potentially excel at both aims. RESULTS: Surgical implantation demonstrate preservation of LACE function following careful and minimal handling. In vivo electrical evaluation demonstrates the ability of microelectrodes placed within microfluidic channels to successfully stimulate and record compound action potentials from rat sciatic nerve. Furthermore, collagen-rich epineurium was focally removed following infusion of collagenase via microchannels and confirmed via microscopy. CONCLUSION: The feasibility of using a cuff having integrated microelectrodes and microfluidics to stimulate, record, and deliver drug to focally lyse away the epineurium layer was demonstrated in acute experiments on rat sciatic nerve. Published by Elsevier B.V.
Entities:
Keywords:
Cuff electrode; Drug delivery; Electrophysiology; Peripheral nerve