Wen-Wang Rao1, Qian-Qian Zong2, Ji-Wen Zhang3, Feng-Rong An4, Todd Jackson5, Gabor S Ungvari6, Yifan Xiang7, Ying-Ying Su8, Carl D'Arcy9, Yu-Tao Xiang10. 1. Unit of Psychiatry, Institute of Translational Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Macau, Macao SAR, China; Center for Cognition and Brain Sciences, University of Macau, Macao SAR, China. 2. School of Nursing, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China; The National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders & Beijing Key Laboratory of Mental Disorders, Beijing Anding Hospital & the Advanced Innovation Center for Human Brain Protection, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China. 3. School of Nursing, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China. 4. The National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders & Beijing Key Laboratory of Mental Disorders, Beijing Anding Hospital & the Advanced Innovation Center for Human Brain Protection, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China. 5. Department of Psychology, Faculty of Social Sciences, University of Macau, Macau, SAR, China. 6. The University of Notre Dame Australia, Fremantle, Australia; Division of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, University of Western Australia, Perth, Australia. 7. Pui Ching Middle School Macau, Macau SAR, China. 8. School of Public Health, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK, Canada. 9. School of Public Health, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK, Canada; Department of Psychiatry, College of Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK, Canada. 10. Unit of Psychiatry, Institute of Translational Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Macau, Macao SAR, China; Center for Cognition and Brain Sciences, University of Macau, Macao SAR, China. Electronic address: xyutly@gmail.com.
Abstract
BACKGROUND: Clinical depression (including major depression, dysthymia, and unspecified depression) is common in children and adolescents with obesity and overweight. The objective of this systematic review and meta-analysis was to examine prevalence of clinical depression among overweight and obese children. METHODS: PubMed, EMBASE, Web of Science, Medline, Cochrane library, and PsycINFO databases were systematically and independently searched by three researchers from the inception dates to April 01, 2019. The fixed-effects model was used to perform meta-analysis. Data analyses were performed with STATA Version 12.0. RESULTS: Eleven studies with 69,893 subjects were included; 5 studies examined major depressive disorder (MDD), while the remaining 6 studies examined other types of clinical depression. In the overweight and obese group, the prevalence of clinical depression ranged from 1.7% to 26.7% in obese subjects and from 4.0% to 16.9% in overweight subjects. In studies on MDD, prevalence ranged from 10.1% to 26.7% in obese subjects and from 9.0% to 16.9% in overweight subjects. The odd ratios (ORs) of clinical depression ranged from 0.92 to 4.39 between obese subjects and healthy controls (i.e., normal-weight controls), and ranged from 0.96 to 1.67 between overweight subjects and controls. Compared to healthy controls, obese (OR = 1.851, 95% CI: 1.410-2.429) but not overweight (OR = 1.068, 95% CI: 0.889-1.283) children and adolescents were more likely to have MDD. CONCLUSION: Obese children and adolescents had a significantly higher risk for MDD compared with healthy controls. Considering the negative health outcomes of depression, regular screening and effective treatments should be implemented for obese children and adolescents.
BACKGROUND: Clinical depression (including major depression, dysthymia, and unspecifieddepression) is common in children and adolescents with obesity and overweight. The objective of this systematic review and meta-analysis was to examine prevalence of clinical depression among overweight and obesechildren. METHODS: PubMed, EMBASE, Web of Science, Medline, Cochrane library, and PsycINFO databases were systematically and independently searched by three researchers from the inception dates to April 01, 2019. The fixed-effects model was used to perform meta-analysis. Data analyses were performed with STATA Version 12.0. RESULTS: Eleven studies with 69,893 subjects were included; 5 studies examined major depressive disorder (MDD), while the remaining 6 studies examined other types of clinical depression. In the overweight and obese group, the prevalence of clinical depression ranged from 1.7% to 26.7% in obese subjects and from 4.0% to 16.9% in overweight subjects. In studies on MDD, prevalence ranged from 10.1% to 26.7% in obese subjects and from 9.0% to 16.9% in overweight subjects. The odd ratios (ORs) of clinical depression ranged from 0.92 to 4.39 between obese subjects and healthy controls (i.e., normal-weight controls), and ranged from 0.96 to 1.67 between overweight subjects and controls. Compared to healthy controls, obese (OR = 1.851, 95% CI: 1.410-2.429) but not overweight (OR = 1.068, 95% CI: 0.889-1.283) children and adolescents were more likely to have MDD. CONCLUSION:Obesechildren and adolescents had a significantly higher risk for MDD compared with healthy controls. Considering the negative health outcomes of depression, regular screening and effective treatments should be implemented for obesechildren and adolescents.
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