Julian Burger1, Margaret S Stroebe2, Pasqualina Perrig-Chiello3, Henk Aw Schut4, Stefanie Spahni5, Maarten C Eisma6, Eiko I Fried7. 1. Department of Psychiatry, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands; Department of Psychological Methods, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Institute for Advanced Study, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands. Electronic address: j.burger@uva.nl. 2. Department of Clinical Psychology, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands; Department of Clinical Psychology and Experimental Psychopathology, University of Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands. 3. Department of Developmental Psychology, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland. 4. Department of Clinical Psychology, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands. 5. Department of Health Psychology and Behavioral Medicine, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland. 6. Department of Clinical Psychology and Experimental Psychopathology, University of Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands. 7. Department of Clinical Psychology, Leiden University, Leiden, the Netherlands.
Abstract
BACKGROUND: Prior network analyses demonstrated that the death of a loved one potentially precedes specific depression symptoms, primarily loneliness, which in turn links to other depressive symptoms. In this study, we extend prior research by comparing depression symptom network structures following two types of marital disruption: bereavement versus separation. METHODS: We fitted two Gaussian Graphical Models to cross-sectional data from a Swiss survey of older persons (145 bereaved, 217 separated, and 362 married controls), and compared symptom levels across bereaved and separated individuals. RESULTS: Separated compared to widowed individuals were more likely to perceive an unfriendly environment and oneself as a failure. Both types of marital disruption were strongly linked to loneliness, from where different relations emerged to other depressive symptoms. Amongst others, loneliness had a stronger connection to perceiving oneself as a failure in separated compared to widowed individuals. Conversely, loneliness had a stronger connection to getting going in widowed individuals. LIMITATIONS: Analyses are based on cross-sectional between-subjects data, and conclusions regarding dynamic processes on the within-subjects level remain putative. Further, some of the estimated parameters in the network exhibited overlapping confidence intervals and their order needs to be interpreted with care. Replications should thus aim for studies with multiple time points and larger samples. CONCLUSIONS: The findings of this study add to a growing body of literature indicating that depressive symptom patterns depend on contextual factors. If replicated on the within-subjects level, such findings have implications for setting up patient-tailored treatment approaches in dependence of contextual factors.
BACKGROUND: Prior network analyses demonstrated that the death of a loved one potentially precedes specific depression symptoms, primarily loneliness, which in turn links to other depressive symptoms. In this study, we extend prior research by comparing depression symptom network structures following two types of marital disruption: bereavement versus separation. METHODS: We fitted two Gaussian Graphical Models to cross-sectional data from a Swiss survey of older persons (145 bereaved, 217 separated, and 362 married controls), and compared symptom levels across bereaved and separated individuals. RESULTS: Separated compared to widowed individuals were more likely to perceive an unfriendly environment and oneself as a failure. Both types of marital disruption were strongly linked to loneliness, from where different relations emerged to other depressive symptoms. Amongst others, loneliness had a stronger connection to perceiving oneself as a failure in separated compared to widowed individuals. Conversely, loneliness had a stronger connection to getting going in widowed individuals. LIMITATIONS: Analyses are based on cross-sectional between-subjects data, and conclusions regarding dynamic processes on the within-subjects level remain putative. Further, some of the estimated parameters in the network exhibited overlapping confidence intervals and their order needs to be interpreted with care. Replications should thus aim for studies with multiple time points and larger samples. CONCLUSIONS: The findings of this study add to a growing body of literature indicating that depressive symptom patterns depend on contextual factors. If replicated on the within-subjects level, such findings have implications for setting up patient-tailored treatment approaches in dependence of contextual factors.
Authors: Cristian Ramos-Vera; Antonio Serpa Barrientos; José Vallejos-Saldarriaga; Jacksaint Saintila Journal: J Prim Care Community Health Date: 2022 Jan-Dec