S Y Yang1,2, Yan Liu3, J Mao1, Y B Wu1, Y L Deng1, S C Qi4, Y C Zhou5, S Q Gong1. 1. Center of Stomatology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China. 2. Department of Oral Surgery, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology and Shanghai Research Institute of Stomatology, Shanghai, China. 3. Laboratory of Biomimetic Nanomaterials, Department of Orthodontics, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, Beijing, China. 4. Department of Stomatology, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China. 5. The Stony Brook School, New York, USA.
Abstract
AIM: To evaluate the anti-biofilm effect of Proanthocyanidin (PA) solution as an irrigant against Enterococcus faecalis (E. faecalis) and its influence on the mechanical properties and biodegradation resistance of demineralized root dentine. METHODOLOGY: E. faecalis were introduced into human root dentine tubules by a serial centrifugation method and grown for 1 week. Dentine blocks infected with 1-week-old E. faecalis biofilms were treated with the following irrigants: sterile water (control), 2% chlorhexidine (CHX), 2% PA, 5% PA and 10% PA. After treatment, the live and dead bacteria proportions within E. faecalis biofilms were analysed using confocal laser scanning microscopy. To evaluate the biostability of fully demineralized dentine treated by the aforementioned irrigants, the elastic modulus and hydroxyproline release of human dentine incubated in collagenase solution were tested at baseline, after irrigant treatment and after biodegradation, respectively. Furthermore, the surface chemical bond of demineralized dentine collagen treated by different irrigants was characterized by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). Statistical analysis was performed using one-way ANOVA and Tukey's post hoc multiple comparisons with the significance level at 5%. RESULTS: The proportion of dead E. faecalis volume was significantly higher in the PA and CHX groups than that in the control group (p < 0.05). PA irrigation significantly increased the mechanical properties of demineralized dentine (p < 0.05) and the effect was enhanced with increasing PA concentration. CHX and PA groups had significantly less elasticity loss and hydroxyproline release (p < 0.05). The biomodification of dentine collagen by PA was verified by increased C-O/C-N peak percentage under C1s and C-O peak percentage under O1s narrow-scan XPS spectra. CONCLUSIONS: PA killed E. faecalis within biofilms and enhanced the biostability of the collagen matrix of demineralized root dentine. It might be used as an auxiliary endodontic irrigant with anti-biofilm and collagen-stabilizing effects. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
AIM: To evaluate the anti-biofilm effect of Proanthocyanidin (PA) solution as an irrigant against Enterococcus faecalis (E. faecalis) and its influence on the mechanical properties and biodegradation resistance of demineralized root dentine. METHODOLOGY:E. faecalis were introduced into human root dentine tubules by a serial centrifugation method and grown for 1 week. Dentine blocks infected with 1-week-old E. faecalis biofilms were treated with the following irrigants: sterile water (control), 2% chlorhexidine (CHX), 2% PA, 5% PA and 10% PA. After treatment, the live and dead bacteria proportions within E. faecalis biofilms were analysed using confocal laser scanning microscopy. To evaluate the biostability of fully demineralized dentine treated by the aforementioned irrigants, the elastic modulus and hydroxyproline release of human dentine incubated in collagenase solution were tested at baseline, after irrigant treatment and after biodegradation, respectively. Furthermore, the surface chemical bond of demineralized dentine collagen treated by different irrigants was characterized by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). Statistical analysis was performed using one-way ANOVA and Tukey's post hoc multiple comparisons with the significance level at 5%. RESULTS: The proportion of dead E. faecalis volume was significantly higher in the PA and CHX groups than that in the control group (p < 0.05). PA irrigation significantly increased the mechanical properties of demineralized dentine (p < 0.05) and the effect was enhanced with increasing PA concentration. CHX and PA groups had significantly less elasticity loss and hydroxyproline release (p < 0.05). The biomodification of dentine collagen by PA was verified by increased C-O/C-N peak percentage under C1s and C-O peak percentage under O1s narrow-scan XPS spectra. CONCLUSIONS: PA killed E. faecalis within biofilms and enhanced the biostability of the collagen matrix of demineralized root dentine. It might be used as an auxiliary endodontic irrigant with anti-biofilm and collagen-stabilizing effects. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.