Özgür Efiloğlu1, Banu İşbilen Başok2, Turgay Turan1, Tuncay Toprak3, Bülent Erol1, Turhan Çaşkurlu1, Asıf Yıldırım1. 1. Department of Urology, İstanbul Medeniyet University School of Medicine, İstanbul, Turkey. 2. Department of Medical Biochemistry, University of Health Sciences, Tepecik Training and Research Hospital, İzmir, Turkey. 3. Department of Urology, Fatih Sultan Mehmet Training and Research Hospital, İstanbul, Turkey.
Abstract
OBJECTIVE: The current study aimed to examine the correlation between serum and urine transforming growth factor beta 1 (TGF-β1), matrix metallopeptidase 9 (MMP-9), tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase 2 (TIMP-2), and nerve growth factor beta (NGF-β) levels and serum neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR) as well as the recurrence and progression risks of non-muscle invasive bladder cancer (NMIBC). MATERIAL AND METHODS: The current study included 89 individuals: n=47, patients with primary NMIBC (patient group) and n=42, healthy controls (control group). The TGF-β1, MMP-9, TIMP-2, and NGF-β levels in the blood and urine samples were assessed using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Moreover, the serum NLR was evaluated. For the statistical analysis, a generalized linear model was used to compare the groups. In the analysis, gender and use of cigarettes were used as the secondary factors, and age was included as the covariate in the generalized linear model set for the intergroup evaluations. Meanwhile, a logistic regression model was utilized to evaluate the impact of the biomarkers on the risk of recurrence and progression. RESULTS: The serum NLR was higher in the patient group than in the control group (p=0.033). The patients with disease recurrence had higher body mass index and MMP-9 levels, but the results were not statistically significant. Moreover, the patients with a high NLR had a high risk of disease progression (odds ratio [OR]=13.046, 95% confidence interval [CI]=1.057-161.18, p=0.045), whereas the patients with a high serum TGF-β1 level (OR=0.972, 95% CI=0.945-0.999, p=0.047) had a low risk of disease progression. CONCLUSION: High NLR and low TGF-β1 values were associated with an increased risk of disease progression in patients with NMIBC. However, no relationships were found between TGF-β1, MMP-9, TIMP-2, and NGF-β values and the recurrence of NMIBC.
OBJECTIVE: The current study aimed to examine the correlation between serum and urine transforming growth factor beta 1 (TGF-β1), matrix metallopeptidase 9 (MMP-9), tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase 2 (TIMP-2), and nerve growth factor beta (NGF-β) levels and serum neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR) as well as the recurrence and progression risks of non-muscle invasive bladder cancer (NMIBC). MATERIAL AND METHODS: The current study included 89 individuals: n=47, patients with primary NMIBC (patient group) and n=42, healthy controls (control group). The TGF-β1, MMP-9, TIMP-2, and NGF-β levels in the blood and urine samples were assessed using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Moreover, the serum NLR was evaluated. For the statistical analysis, a generalized linear model was used to compare the groups. In the analysis, gender and use of cigarettes were used as the secondary factors, and age was included as the covariate in the generalized linear model set for the intergroup evaluations. Meanwhile, a logistic regression model was utilized to evaluate the impact of the biomarkers on the risk of recurrence and progression. RESULTS: The serum NLR was higher in the patient group than in the control group (p=0.033). The patients with disease recurrence had higher body mass index and MMP-9 levels, but the results were not statistically significant. Moreover, the patients with a high NLR had a high risk of disease progression (odds ratio [OR]=13.046, 95% confidence interval [CI]=1.057-161.18, p=0.045), whereas the patients with a high serum TGF-β1 level (OR=0.972, 95% CI=0.945-0.999, p=0.047) had a low risk of disease progression. CONCLUSION: High NLR and low TGF-β1 values were associated with an increased risk of disease progression in patients with NMIBC. However, no relationships were found between TGF-β1, MMP-9, TIMP-2, and NGF-β values and the recurrence of NMIBC.
Authors: Vinata B Lokeshwar; Tomonori Habuchi; H Barton Grossman; William M Murphy; Stefan H Hautmann; George P Hemstreet; Aldo V Bono; Robert H Getzenberg; Peter Goebell; Bernd J Schmitz-Dräger; Jack A Schalken; Yves Fradet; Michael Marberger; Edward Messing; Michael J Droller Journal: Urology Date: 2005-12 Impact factor: 2.649
Authors: Marko Babjuk; Andreas Böhle; Maximilian Burger; Otakar Capoun; Daniel Cohen; Eva M Compérat; Virginia Hernández; Eero Kaasinen; Joan Palou; Morgan Rouprêt; Bas W G van Rhijn; Shahrokh F Shariat; Viktor Soukup; Richard J Sylvester; Richard Zigeuner Journal: Eur Urol Date: 2016-06-17 Impact factor: 20.096