Anne I Turner1, Nina Smyth2, Sarah J Hall3, Susan J Torres4, Mais Hussein5, Sisitha U Jayasinghe6, Kylie Ball7, Angela J Clow8. 1. Institute for Physical Activity and Nutrition, School of Exercise and Nutrition Sciences, Deakin University, Geelong, Victoria 3125, Australia. Electronic address: anne.turner@deakin.edu.au. 2. Psychophysiology and Stress Research Group, Department of Psychology, University of Westminster, London, W1W 6UW, United Kingdom. Electronic address: smythn@westminster.ac.uk. 3. Institute for Physical Activity and Nutrition, School of Exercise and Nutrition Sciences, Deakin University, Geelong, Victoria 3125, Australia. Electronic address: sarah.hall@deakin.edu.au. 4. Institute for Physical Activity and Nutrition, School of Exercise and Nutrition Sciences, Deakin University, Geelong, Victoria 3125, Australia. Electronic address: susan.torres@deakin.edu.au. 5. Institute for Physical Activity and Nutrition, School of Exercise and Nutrition Sciences, Deakin University, Geelong, Victoria 3125, Australia. Electronic address: mais.hussein18@gmail.com. 6. Institute for Physical Activity and Nutrition, School of Exercise and Nutrition Sciences, Deakin University, Geelong, Victoria 3125, Australia; School of Health Sciences, College of Health and Medicine, University of Tasmania, Newnham, Tasmania 7250, Australia. Electronic address: sisitha.jayasinghe@utas.edu.au. 7. Institute for Physical Activity and Nutrition, School of Exercise and Nutrition Sciences, Deakin University, Geelong, Victoria 3125, Australia. Electronic address: kylie.ball@deakin.edu.au. 8. Psychophysiology and Stress Research Group, Department of Psychology, University of Westminster, London, W1W 6UW, United Kingdom. Electronic address: clowa@wmin.ac.uk.
Abstract
BACKGROUND: Acute psychological stress activates the sympatho-adrenal medullary (SAM) system and hypothalamo-pituitary adrenal (HPA) axis. The relevance of this stress reactivity to long-term health and disease outcomes is of great importance. We examined prospective studies in apparently healthy adults to test the hypothesis that the magnitude of the response to acute psychological stress in healthy adults is related to future health and disease outcomes. METHODS: We searched Medline Complete, PsycINFO, CINAHL Complete and Embase up to 15 Aug 2019. Included studies were peer-reviewed, English-language, prospective studies in apparently healthy adults. The exposure was acute psychological stress reactivity (SAM system or HPA axis) at baseline. The outcome was any health or disease outcome at follow-up after ≥1 year. RESULTS: We identified 1719 papers through database searching and 1 additional paper through other sources. Forty-seven papers met our criteria including 32,866 participants (range 30-4100) with 1-23 years of follow-up. Overall, one third (32 %; 83/263) of all reported findings were significant and two thirds (68 %; 180/263) were null. With regard to the significant findings, both exaggerated (i.e. high) and blunted (i.e. low) stress reactivity of both the SAM system and the HPA axis at baseline were related to health and disease outcomes at follow-up. Exaggerated stress reactivity at baseline predicted an increase in risk factors for cardiovascular disease and decreased telomere length at follow-up. In contrast, blunted stress reactivity predicted future increased adiposity and obesity, more depression, anxiety and PTSD symptoms, greater illness frequency, musculoskeletal pain and regulatory T-Cell percentage, poorer cognitive ability, poorer self-reported health and physical disability and lower bone mass. CONCLUSION: Exaggerated and blunted SAM system and HPA axis stress reactivity predicted distinct physical and mental health and disease outcomes over time. Results from prospective studies consistently indicate stress reactivity as a predictor for future health and disease outcomes. Dysregulation of stress reactivity may represent a mechanism by which psychological stress contributes to the development of future health and disease outcomes.
BACKGROUND: Acute psychological stress activates the sympatho-adrenal medullary (SAM) system and hypothalamo-pituitary adrenal (HPA) axis. The relevance of this stress reactivity to long-term health and disease outcomes is of great importance. We examined prospective studies in apparently healthy adults to test the hypothesis that the magnitude of the response to acute psychological stress in healthy adults is related to future health and disease outcomes. METHODS: We searched Medline Complete, PsycINFO, CINAHL Complete and Embase up to 15 Aug 2019. Included studies were peer-reviewed, English-language, prospective studies in apparently healthy adults. The exposure was acute psychological stress reactivity (SAM system or HPA axis) at baseline. The outcome was any health or disease outcome at follow-up after ≥1 year. RESULTS: We identified 1719 papers through database searching and 1 additional paper through other sources. Forty-seven papers met our criteria including 32,866 participants (range 30-4100) with 1-23 years of follow-up. Overall, one third (32 %; 83/263) of all reported findings were significant and two thirds (68 %; 180/263) were null. With regard to the significant findings, both exaggerated (i.e. high) and blunted (i.e. low) stress reactivity of both the SAM system and the HPA axis at baseline were related to health and disease outcomes at follow-up. Exaggerated stress reactivity at baseline predicted an increase in risk factors for cardiovascular disease and decreased telomere length at follow-up. In contrast, blunted stress reactivity predicted future increased adiposity and obesity, more depression, anxiety and PTSD symptoms, greater illness frequency, musculoskeletal pain and regulatory T-Cell percentage, poorer cognitive ability, poorer self-reported health and physical disability and lower bone mass. CONCLUSION: Exaggerated and blunted SAM system and HPA axis stress reactivity predicted distinct physical and mental health and disease outcomes over time. Results from prospective studies consistently indicate stress reactivity as a predictor for future health and disease outcomes. Dysregulation of stress reactivity may represent a mechanism by which psychological stress contributes to the development of future health and disease outcomes.
Authors: Jacqueline-Marie N Ferland; Randall J Ellis; Gregory Rompala; Joseph A Landry; James E Callens; Annie Ly; Micah D Frier; Teddy O Uzamere; Yasmin L Hurd Journal: Mol Psychiatry Date: 2022-03-02 Impact factor: 15.992
Authors: Runze Yan; Whitney R Ringwald; Julio Vega Hernandez; Madeline Kehl; Sang Won Bae; Anind K Dey; Carissa Low; Aidan G C Wright; Afsaneh Doryab Journal: Future Gener Comput Syst Date: 2022-02-24 Impact factor: 7.187
Authors: Megan E Renna; M Rosie Shrout; Annelise A Madison; Jeanette M Bennett; William B Malarkey; Charles F Emery; Janice K Kiecolt-Glaser Journal: Psychoneuroendocrinology Date: 2021-10-26 Impact factor: 4.905
Authors: Jeremy A Bigalke; Ian M Greenlund; Jennifer R Nicevski; Anne L Tikkanen; Jason R Carter Journal: J Physiol Date: 2022-07-29 Impact factor: 6.228
Authors: Sharon M Fruh; Sarah E Taylor; Rebecca J Graves; Katey Hayes; Ryon McDermott; Caitlyn Hauff; Susan G Williams; Scott Sittig; Matthew Campbell; Geoffrey Hudson; Heather Hall; Bernadette Mazurek Melnyk; Jennifer L Barinas Journal: J Prof Nurs Date: 2021-02-03 Impact factor: 2.104
Authors: Caitlin M DuPont; Aidan G C Wright; Stephen B Manuck; Matthew F Muldoon; J Richard Jennings; Peter J Gianaros Journal: Psychophysiology Date: 2020-12-05 Impact factor: 4.016
Authors: Shakira F Suglia; Allison A Appleton; Maria E Bleil; Rebecca A Campo; Shanta R Dube; Christopher P Fagundes; Nia J Heard-Garris; Sara B Johnson; Natalie Slopen; Catherine M Stoney; Sarah E Watamura Journal: Prev Med Date: 2021-07-19 Impact factor: 4.018
Authors: Andrea M Vinueza-Solórzano; Cecilia Alexandra Portalanza-Chavarría; Clarissa P P de Freitas; Wilmar B Schaufeli; Hans De Witte; Claudio S Hutz; Ana Claudia Souza Vazquez Journal: Int J Environ Res Public Health Date: 2021-07-02 Impact factor: 3.390