Carmine Zoccali1, Jacopo Baldi1, Vincenzo Anelli2, Alessio Annovazzi3, Alessandra Scotto di Uccio1, Francesco Arrigoni4, Antonio Barile4, Carlo Masciocchi4. 1. Oncological Orthopaedics Department, IRCCS - Regina Elena National Cancer Institute, Via Elio Chianesi 53, 00144, Rome, Italy. 2. Radiology Department, IRCCS - Regina Elena National Cancer Institute, Via Elio Chianesi 53, 00144, Rome, Italy. 3. Nuclear Medicine, IRCCS - Regina Elena National Cancer Institute, Via Elio Chianesi 53, 00144, Rome, Italy. 4. Diagnostic Unit, Department of Biotechnological and Applied Clinical Sciences, University of L'Aquila, via Vetoio, Coppito, 67010, L'Aquila, AQ, Italy.
Abstract
INTRODUCTION: enchondromas rarely exceed 3-6 cm in long bones. Although the risk of developing secondary chondrosarcoma has been reported up to 4% in solitary lesions, it is not known if size represents a risk factor for transformation. OBJECTIVE: to describe three exceptional cases of enchondromas of the entire femur whereof one dedifferentiated in chondrosarcoma. RESULTS: two patients present stable disease at 5 and 6 years of follow-up; the third, already diagnosed with a dedifferentiated chondrosarcoma, died 14 months after the index surgery for systemic disease. CONCLUSION: based on these observations, our hypothesis is that lesion size is an important risk factor for malignant transformation.
INTRODUCTION: enchondromas rarely exceed 3-6 cm in long bones. Although the risk of developing secondary chondrosarcoma has been reported up to 4% in solitary lesions, it is not known if size represents a risk factor for transformation. OBJECTIVE: to describe three exceptional cases of enchondromas of the entire femur whereof one dedifferentiated in chondrosarcoma. RESULTS: two patients present stable disease at 5 and 6 years of follow-up; the third, already diagnosed with a dedifferentiated chondrosarcoma, died 14 months after the index surgery for systemic disease. CONCLUSION: based on these observations, our hypothesis is that lesion size is an important risk factor for malignant transformation.
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