Raymond J Strobel1, Steven D Harrington2, Chris Hill3, Michael P Thompson4, Lourdes Cabrera4, Patricia Theurer5, Penny Wilton6, Divyakant B Gandhi7, Alphonse DeLucia8, Gaetano Paone9, Xiaoting Wu4, Min Zhang10, Sarah L Krein11, Richard L Prager4, Donald S Likosky12. 1. University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan. 2. Department of Cardiac Surgery, Henry Ford Macomb Hospital, Clinton Township, Michigan. 3. University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan. 4. Department of Cardiac Surgery, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan. 5. Michigan Society of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgeons Quality Collaborative. 6. Fred Meijer Heart & Vascular Institute, Spectrum Health, Grand Rapids, Michigan. 7. McLaren Greater Lansing Cardiothoracic and Vascular Surgeons, Lansing, Michigan. 8. Department of Cardiac Surgery, Bronson Methodist Hospital, Kalamazoo, Michigan. 9. Division of Cardiac Surgery, Henry Ford Hospital, Detroit, Michigan. 10. Department of Biostatistics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan. 11. Veterans Affairs Ann Arbor Healthcare System and Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan. 12. Department of Cardiac Surgery, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan. Electronic address: likosky@umich.edu.
Abstract
BACKGROUND: Pneumonia is the most prevalent healthcare-associated infection after coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG), but the relative effectiveness of strategies to reduce its incidence remains unclear. We evaluated the relationship between healthcare-associated infection recommendations and risk of pneumonia after CABG. METHODS: Pneumonia prevention practice recommendations were developed based on literature review and analysis of semistructured interviews with key health care personnel across centers with low (<5.9%), medium (5.9%-6.1%), and high (>6.1%) rates of pneumonia. These practices were implemented among 2482 patients undergoing CABG from 2016 to 2017 across 18 centers. The independent effect of each practice in reducing pneumonia was assessed using multivariable logistic regression, adjusting for baseline risk and center. A composite (bundle) score was calculated as the number of practices (0 to 4) each patient received. RESULTS: Recommended pneumonia prevention practices included lung protective ventilation management, early extubation, progressive ambulation, and avoidance of postoperative bronchodilator therapy. Pneumonia occurred in 2.4% of patients. Lung protective ventilation (adjusted odds ratio [ORadj], 0.45; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.22-0.92), ambulation (ORadj, 0.08; 95% CI, 0.04-0.17), and postoperative ventilation of less than 6 hours (ORadj, 0.47; 95% CI, 0.26-0.87) were significantly associated with lower odds of pneumonia. Postoperative bronchodilator therapy (ORadj, 4.83; 95% CI, 2.20-10.7) was significantly associated with higher odds. Risk-adjusted rates of pneumonia, operative mortality, and intensive care unit length of stay were lower in patients with higher bundle scores (all P-trend < .01). CONCLUSIONS: These pneumonia prevention recommendations may serve as effective targets for avoiding postoperative healthcare-associated infections.
BACKGROUND: Pneumonia is the most prevalent healthcare-associated infection after coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG), but the relative effectiveness of strategies to reduce its incidence remains unclear. We evaluated the relationship between healthcare-associated infection recommendations and risk of pneumonia after CABG. METHODS: Pneumonia prevention practice recommendations were developed based on literature review and analysis of semistructured interviews with key health care personnel across centers with low (<5.9%), medium (5.9%-6.1%), and high (>6.1%) rates of pneumonia. These practices were implemented among 2482 patients undergoing CABG from 2016 to 2017 across 18 centers. The independent effect of each practice in reducing pneumonia was assessed using multivariable logistic regression, adjusting for baseline risk and center. A composite (bundle) score was calculated as the number of practices (0 to 4) each patient received. RESULTS: Recommended pneumonia prevention practices included lung protective ventilation management, early extubation, progressive ambulation, and avoidance of postoperative bronchodilator therapy. Pneumonia occurred in 2.4% of patients. Lung protective ventilation (adjusted odds ratio [ORadj], 0.45; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.22-0.92), ambulation (ORadj, 0.08; 95% CI, 0.04-0.17), and postoperative ventilation of less than 6 hours (ORadj, 0.47; 95% CI, 0.26-0.87) were significantly associated with lower odds of pneumonia. Postoperative bronchodilator therapy (ORadj, 4.83; 95% CI, 2.20-10.7) was significantly associated with higher odds. Risk-adjusted rates of pneumonia, operative mortality, and intensive care unit length of stay were lower in patients with higher bundle scores (all P-trend < .01). CONCLUSIONS: These pneumonia prevention recommendations may serve as effective targets for avoiding postoperative healthcare-associated infections.
Authors: Terry Shih; Min Zhang; Mallika Kommareddi; Theodore J Boeve; Steven D Harrington; Robert J Holmes; Gary Roth; Patricia F Theurer; Richard L Prager; Donald S Likosky Journal: Circ Cardiovasc Qual Outcomes Date: 2014-07-01
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