First molecular identification of the tapeworm Mesocestoides litteratus from an Italian wall lizard (Podarcis siculus).

The cyclophyllidean cestodes of the genus Mesocestoides are parasites infecting a variety of carnivorous vertebrates. The complete life cycle of these tapeworms is not clear yet, but some reptiles, amphibians, birds and micro-mammals have been indicated as intermediate hosts. Although Mesocestoides spp. are considered endemic in Europe, infections by the metacestode form, the tetrathyridium, are reported less commonly than are infections by adult worms. In the present study, a peritoneal infection by Mesocestoides tetrathyridia in a wall lizard (Podarcis siculus) collected in central Italy is described. The phylogenetic position of the metacestodes was assessed using the barcode region COI and species delimitation methods, i.e. Automatic Barcode Gap Discovery (ABGD) and Bayesian implementation of the Poisson Tree Processes model (bPTP). COI sequence analysis assigned the isolates from the wall lizard to Mesocestoides litteratus, as confirmed by species delimitation and phylogenetic analyses. M. litteratus has been observed in Europe mainly in the definitive hosts (dogs, cats and foxes), and never identified in the Mediterranean region. This study represents the first evidence of parasitic infection by tetrathyridia of M. litteratus in P. siculus in Italy.