Qi Miao1,2,3,4, Chengcheng Pu1,2,3,4, Zhijiang Wang1,2,3,4, Chao-Gan Yan5,6,7, Chuan Shi1,2,3,4, Qingjiu Cao1,2,3,4, Xijin Wang8, Zhang Cheng1,2,3,4, Xue Han1,2,3,4, Lei Yang1,2,3,4, Yunyao Lai9, Yanbo Yuan1,2,3,4, Hong Ma1,2,3,4, Keqing Li10, Nan Hong9, Xin Yu1,2,3,4. 1. Peking University Sixth Hospital, Beijing, China. 2. Peking University Institute of Mental Health, Beijing, China. 3. NHC Key Laboratory of Mental Health, Peking University, Beijing, China. 4. National Clinical Research Center for Mental Health Disorders, Peking University Sixth Hospital, Beijing, China. 5. CAS Key Laboratory of Behavioral Science, Institute of Psychology, Beijing, China. 6. Department of Psychology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China. 7. Magnetic Resonance Imaging Research Center, Institute of Psychology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China. 8. The First Psychiatric Hospital of Harbin, Heilongjiang, China. 9. Department of Radiology, People's Hospital, Peking University, Beijing, China. 10. The Sixth People's Hospital of Hebei Province, Baoding, China.
Abstract
OBJECTIVE: To explore the effect of long-term antipsychotics use on the strength of functional connectivity (FC) in the brains of patients with chronic schizophrenia. METHOD: We collected resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging from 15 patients with continuously treated chronic schizophrenia (TCS), 19 patients with minimally TCS (MTCS), and 20 healthy controls (HCs). Then, we evaluated and compared the whole-brain FC strength (FCS; including full-range, short-range, and long-range FCS) among patients with TCS, MTCS, and HCs. RESULTS: Patients with TCS and MTCS showed reduced full-/short-range FC compared with the HCs. No significant differences in the whole-brain FCS (including full-range, short-range, and long-range FCS) or clinical characteristics were identified between patients with TCS and MTCS. Additionally, the FCS in the right fusiform gyrus, right inferior temporal gyrus, and right inferior occipital gyrus negatively correlated with the duration of illness and positively correlated with onset age across all patients with chronic schizophrenia. CONCLUSIONS: Regardless of the long-term use of antipsychotics, patients with chronic schizophrenia show decreased FC compared with healthy individuals. For some patients with chronic schizophrenia, the influence of long-term and minimal/short-term antipsychotic exposure on resting-state FC was similar. The decreased full- and short-range FCS in the right fusiform gyrus, right inferior temporal gyrus, and right inferior occipital gyrus may be an ongoing pathological process that is not altered by antipsychotic interventions in patients with chronic schizophrenia. Large-sample, long-term follow-up studies are still needed for further exploration.
OBJECTIVE: To explore the effect of long-term antipsychotics use on the strength of functional connectivity (FC) in the brains of patients with chronic schizophrenia. METHOD: We collected resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging from 15 patients with continuously treated chronic schizophrenia (TCS), 19 patients with minimally TCS (MTCS), and 20 healthy controls (HCs). Then, we evaluated and compared the whole-brain FC strength (FCS; including full-range, short-range, and long-range FCS) among patients with TCS, MTCS, and HCs. RESULTS:Patients with TCS and MTCS showed reduced full-/short-range FC compared with the HCs. No significant differences in the whole-brain FCS (including full-range, short-range, and long-range FCS) or clinical characteristics were identified between patients with TCS and MTCS. Additionally, the FCS in the right fusiform gyrus, right inferior temporal gyrus, and right inferior occipital gyrus negatively correlated with the duration of illness and positively correlated with onset age across all patients with chronic schizophrenia. CONCLUSIONS: Regardless of the long-term use of antipsychotics, patients with chronic schizophrenia show decreased FC compared with healthy individuals. For some patients with chronic schizophrenia, the influence of long-term and minimal/short-term antipsychotic exposure on resting-state FC was similar. The decreased full- and short-range FCS in the right fusiform gyrus, right inferior temporal gyrus, and right inferior occipital gyrus may be an ongoing pathological process that is not altered by antipsychotic interventions in patients with chronic schizophrenia. Large-sample, long-term follow-up studies are still needed for further exploration.
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