Effects of cationic concentration on controlling the interlayer spacings for highly effective ion rejection via graphene oxide membranes.

The effect of cationic concentration on controlling the interlayer spacings of graphene oxide (GO) membranes is systemically studied. It was found that a higher concentration leads to narrower interlayer spacings, and thus, ions in salt solutions were effectively rejected. This provides a new avenue for ion separation using graphene-based membranes.