Ya-Mei Bai1,2,3, Mu-Hong Chen1,2,3, Ju-Wei Hsu1,2, Kai-Lin Huang1,2, Pei-Chi Tu1,2,4,5, Wan-Chen Chang1,4, Tung-Ping Su6, Cheng Ta Li1,2,3, Wei-Chen Lin1,2,3, Shih-Jen Tsai7,8,9. 1. Department of Psychiatry, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, No. 201, Shih-Pai Road, Sec. 2, 11217, Taipei, Taiwan. 2. Division of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan. 3. Institute of Brain Science, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan. 4. Department of Medical Research, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan. 5. Institute of Philosophy of Mind and Cognition, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan. 6. Department of Psychiatry, Cheng Hsin General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan. 7. Department of Psychiatry, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, No. 201, Shih-Pai Road, Sec. 2, 11217, Taipei, Taiwan. tsai610913@gmail.com. 8. Division of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan. tsai610913@gmail.com. 9. Institute of Brain Science, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan. tsai610913@gmail.com.
Abstract
BACKGROUND: Previous individual studies have shown the differences in inflammatory cytokines and gray matter volumes between bipolar disorder (BD) and unipolar depression (UD). However, few studies have investigated the association between pro-inflammatory cytokines and differences in brain gray matter volumes between BD and UD. METHODS: In this study, 72 BD patients and 64 UD patients were enrolled, with comparable gender and age distributions (33.8% males and an average age of 39.3 ± 13.7 years). Each participant underwent metabolic profiling (including body mass index (BMI), glucose, triglyceride, high-density lipoprotein (HDL), leptin, insulin, adiponectin), pro-inflammatory cytokine (including soluble interleukin-6 receptor (sIL-6R), soluble interleukin-2 receptor (sIL-2R), C-reactive protein (CRP), soluble tumor necrosis factor receptor type 1 (sTNF-R1) examinations, and structural magnetic resonance imaging exams. Voxel-based morphometry was performed to investigate the gray matter volume differences between BD and UD patients. Correlations between pro-inflammatory cytokines and the gray matter volume difference were analyzed. RESULTS: Compared to UD patients, the BD group had significantly higher BMI, and higher levels of sIL-6R and sTNF-R1 than the UD patients. The BMI significantly correlated with the level of pro-inflammatory cytokines. Adjusted for age, sex, BMI, duration of illness and total intracranial volume, the BD individuals had significantly more reduced gray matter volumes over 12 areas: R. cerebellar lobule VIII, R. putamen, L. putamen, R. superior frontal gyrus, L. lingual gyrus, L. precentral gyrus, R. fusiform gyrus, L. calcarine, R. precuneus, L. inferior temporal gyrus, L. hippocampus, and L. superior frontal gyrus. These 12 gray matter volume differences between BP and UD patients negatively correlated with sIL-6R and sTNF-R1 levels. CONCLUSIONS: Our results suggested that BD patients had higher BMI and pro-inflammatory cytokine levels in comparison to UD patients, especially IL-6 and sTNF-R1, which may contribute to greater gray matter reductions in BD patients in comparison to UD patients. The results support the neuro-inflammation pathophysiology mechanism in mood disorder. It is clinically important to monitor BMI, which, in this investigation, positively correlated with levels of inflammatory cytokines.
BACKGROUND: Previous individual studies have shown the differences in inflammatory cytokines and gray matter volumes between bipolar disorder (BD) and unipolar depression (UD). However, few studies have investigated the association between pro-inflammatory cytokines and differences in brain gray matter volumes between BD and UD. METHODS: In this study, 72 BDpatients and 64 UDpatients were enrolled, with comparable gender and age distributions (33.8% males and an average age of 39.3 ± 13.7 years). Each participant underwent metabolic profiling (including body mass index (BMI), glucose, triglyceride, high-density lipoprotein (HDL), leptin, insulin, adiponectin), pro-inflammatory cytokine (including soluble interleukin-6 receptor (sIL-6R), soluble interleukin-2 receptor (sIL-2R), C-reactive protein (CRP), soluble tumor necrosis factor receptor type 1 (sTNF-R1) examinations, and structural magnetic resonance imaging exams. Voxel-based morphometry was performed to investigate the gray matter volume differences between BD and UDpatients. Correlations between pro-inflammatory cytokines and the gray matter volume difference were analyzed. RESULTS: Compared to UDpatients, the BD group had significantly higher BMI, and higher levels of sIL-6R and sTNF-R1 than the UDpatients. The BMI significantly correlated with the level of pro-inflammatory cytokines. Adjusted for age, sex, BMI, duration of illness and total intracranial volume, the BD individuals had significantly more reduced gray matter volumes over 12 areas: R. cerebellar lobule VIII, R. putamen, L. putamen, R. superior frontal gyrus, L. lingual gyrus, L. precentral gyrus, R. fusiform gyrus, L. calcarine, R. precuneus, L. inferior temporal gyrus, L. hippocampus, and L. superior frontal gyrus. These 12 gray matter volume differences between BP and UDpatients negatively correlated with sIL-6R and sTNF-R1 levels. CONCLUSIONS: Our results suggested that BDpatients had higher BMI and pro-inflammatory cytokine levels in comparison to UDpatients, especially IL-6 and sTNF-R1, which may contribute to greater gray matter reductions in BDpatients in comparison to UDpatients. The results support the neuro-inflammation pathophysiology mechanism in mood disorder. It is clinically important to monitor BMI, which, in this investigation, positively correlated with levels of inflammatory cytokines.
Entities:
Keywords:
Bipolar disorder; Gray matter; Magnetic resonance imaging; Major depressive disorder; Pro-inflammatory cytokine; Voxel-based morphometry
Authors: Hossein Dini; Mohammad S E Sendi; Jing Sui; Zening Fu; Randall Espinoza; Katherine L Narr; Shile Qi; Christopher C Abbott; Sanne J H van Rooij; Patricio Riva-Posse; Luis Emilio Bruni; Helen S Mayberg; Vince D Calhoun Journal: Front Hum Neurosci Date: 2021-07-06 Impact factor: 3.169