BACKGROUND: The number of patients requiring home enteral nutrition (HEN) continues to increase. Many of these patients are interested in using blended food instead of, or in addition to, commercial enteral formula (CEF). Increased risk of food-borne illness is a concern of blenderized tube-feeding (BTF). This project assessed a standard procedure for minimizing bacterial growth of BTF prepared in the home setting. METHODS: Fifty participants prepared BTF in their kitchens using a standard preparation procedure to minimize bacterial contamination. BTF was assessed for growth of aerobic microorganisms, Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus, and coliforms at baseline, 24-hour, and 48-hour intervals after preparation for a total of 150 colony forming units (CFU) counts performed. RESULTS: No sample had zero aerobic microbial counts; yet no substantial increase in microbial counts was observed during the 48 hours. At baseline and 24 hours, 5/50 (10%) had a CFU count of >104 , and at 48 hours, 6/50 (12%) exceeded 104 CFUs. Out of 150 CFU counts, 2 (1.3%) were just over 105 CFU/mL. Samples exceeding 104 CFU/mL were likely contaminated by common endospore-forming bacteria found in soil or by bacteria in milk that was close to its expiration date. CONCLUSION: In this study, 88% of the samples met the US Food Code criteria for safe food consumption; 10.7% met guidelines for marginal safety by other standards; and 1.3% slightly exceeded 105 CFUs. Established safe food-handling procedures can minimize bacterial contamination of BTF and consequently reduce risk of food-borne infection in HEN patients.
BACKGROUND: The number of patients requiring home enteral nutrition (HEN) continues to increase. Many of these patients are interested in using blended food instead of, or in addition to, commercial enteral formula (CEF). Increased risk of food-borne illness is a concern of blenderized tube-feeding (BTF). This project assessed a standard procedure for minimizing bacterial growth of BTF prepared in the home setting. METHODS: Fifty participants prepared BTF in their kitchens using a standard preparation procedure to minimize bacterial contamination. BTF was assessed for growth of aerobic microorganisms, Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus, and coliforms at baseline, 24-hour, and 48-hour intervals after preparation for a total of 150 colony forming units (CFU) counts performed. RESULTS: No sample had zero aerobic microbial counts; yet no substantial increase in microbial counts was observed during the 48 hours. At baseline and 24 hours, 5/50 (10%) had a CFU count of >104 , and at 48 hours, 6/50 (12%) exceeded 104 CFUs. Out of 150 CFU counts, 2 (1.3%) were just over 105 CFU/mL. Samples exceeding 104 CFU/mL were likely contaminated by common endospore-forming bacteria found in soil or by bacteria in milk that was close to its expiration date. CONCLUSION: In this study, 88% of the samples met the US Food Code criteria for safe food consumption; 10.7% met guidelines for marginal safety by other standards; and 1.3% slightly exceeded 105 CFUs. Established safe food-handling procedures can minimize bacterial contamination of BTF and consequently reduce risk of food-borne infection in HEN patients.
Authors: Amy Y Spurlock; Teresa W Johnson; Ali Pritchett; Leah Pierce; Jenna Hussey; Kelly Johnson; Holly Carter; Stephen L Davidson; Manpreet S Mundi; Lisa Epp; Ryan T Hurt Journal: Nutr Clin Pract Date: 2021-08-31 Impact factor: 3.204
Authors: Joanna Soscia; Sherri Adams; Eyal Cohen; Clara Moore; Jeremy N Friedman; Kelsey Gallagher; Margaret Marcon; David Nicholas; Natalie Weiser; Julia Orkin Journal: Paediatr Child Health Date: 2021-06-28 Impact factor: 2.253
Authors: Eman T Abou Sayed-Ahmed; Karima Bel Hadj Salah; Rasha M El-Mekkawy; Nourhan A Rabie; Mada F Ashkan; Soha A Alamoudi; Mohammed H Alruhaili; Soad K Al Jaouni; Mohammed S Almuhayawi; Samy Selim; Ahmed M Saad; Mohammad Namir Journal: Polymers (Basel) Date: 2022-08-04 Impact factor: 4.967
Authors: Ghita Brekke; Anne Mette Terp Raun; Sarah B Sørensen; Karin Kok; Jette L Sørensen; Alfred P Born; Christian Mølgaard; Christina E Hoei-Hansen Journal: Nutr Clin Pract Date: 2022-04-11 Impact factor: 3.204
Authors: Osman Mohamed Elfadil; Dana B Steien; Ramya Narasimhan; Saketh R Velapati; Lisa Epp; Ishani Patel; Jalpan Patel; Ryan T Hurt; Manpreet S Mundi Journal: JPEN J Parenter Enteral Nutr Date: 2021-07-19 Impact factor: 3.896