Synthesis of Novel Potent Archazolids: Pharmacology of an Emerging Class of Anticancer Drugs.

Vacuolar type ATPase (V-ATPase) has recently emerged as a promising novel anticancer target based on extensive in vitro and in vivo studies with archazolids, complex polyketide macrolides, which present the most potent V-ATPase inhibitors known to date. Herein, we report a biomimetic, one-step preparation of archazolid F, the most potent and least abundant archazolid, the design and synthesis of five novel, carefully selected archazolid analogues, and the biological evaluation of these antiproliferative agents, leading to the discovery of a very potent but profoundly simplified archazolid analogue. Furthermore, the first general biological profiling of the archazolids against a broad range of more than 100 therapeutically relevant targets is reported, leading to the discovery of novel and important targets. Finally, first pharmacokinetic data of these natural products are disclosed. All of these data are relevant in the further preclinical development of the archazolids as well as the evaluation of V-ATPases as a novel and powerful class of anticancer targets.