Masoume Mansouri1, Farshad Sharifi2, Mehdi Varmaghani3, Hamid Yaghubi4, Azad Shokri5, Yousef Moghadas-Tabrizi6, Abasali Keshtkar7, Omid Sadeghi8. 1. Student Health Services, Students' Health and Consultation Center, TarbiatModares University, Tehran, Iran. 2. Elderly Health Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Research Institute, Tehran University, Tehran, Iran. 3. Social Determinants of Health Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran. 4. Department of Psychology, Shahed University, Tehran, Iran. 5. Social Determinants of Health Research Center, Research Institute for Health Development, Kurdistan University of Medical Sciences, Sanandaj, Iran; Gerash University of Medical Sciences, Gerash, Iran. 6. Department of Health and Sport Medicine, Faculty of Physical Education and Sport Science, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran. 7. Department of Health Sciences Education Development, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran. 8. Students' Scientific Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Department of Community Nutrition, School of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran. Electronic address: osadeghi@razi.tums.ac.ir.
Abstract
AIM: To investigate the association between dairy consumption and primary headaches among a large population of university students. METHODS: Totally, 83,622 university students aged 18 years or older were included in the current cross-sectional study. Dietary intakes were assessed using a validated self-administered dietary habits questionnaire. Primary headaches were determined according to the International Classification of Headache Disorders-3 (ICHD-3) criteria. RESULTS: Totally, 9 % of participants suffered from primary headaches. A significant inverse association was observed between dairy consumption and odds of primary headaches (OR: 0.67, 95 % CI: 0.60-0.74). Such inverse association remained significant when potential confounders including demographic variables, physical activity, dietary factors, and BMI were taken into account; such that individuals in the highest category of dairy consumption were 19 % less likely to have primary headaches compared with those in the lowest category (OR: 0.81, 95 % CI: 0.72-0.92). Such an inverse association was also observed in women (OR: 0.79, 95 % CI: 0.68-0.93), but not in men. Stratified analysis based on body mass index revealed a significant inverse association between dairy consumption and primary headaches either in normal-weight individuals or those with overweight or obesity. CONCLUSION: We found that dairy consumption was inversely associated with primary headaches among university students.
AIM: To investigate the association between dairy consumption and primary headaches among a large population of university students. METHODS: Totally, 83,622 university students aged 18 years or older were included in the current cross-sectional study. Dietary intakes were assessed using a validated self-administered dietary habits questionnaire. Primary headaches were determined according to the International Classification of Headache Disorders-3 (ICHD-3) criteria. RESULTS: Totally, 9 % of participants suffered from primary headaches. A significant inverse association was observed between dairy consumption and odds of primary headaches (OR: 0.67, 95 % CI: 0.60-0.74). Such inverse association remained significant when potential confounders including demographic variables, physical activity, dietary factors, and BMI were taken into account; such that individuals in the highest category of dairy consumption were 19 % less likely to have primary headaches compared with those in the lowest category (OR: 0.81, 95 % CI: 0.72-0.92). Such an inverse association was also observed in women (OR: 0.79, 95 % CI: 0.68-0.93), but not in men. Stratified analysis based on body mass index revealed a significant inverse association between dairy consumption and primary headaches either in normal-weight individuals or those with overweight or obesity. CONCLUSION: We found that dairy consumption was inversely associated with primary headaches among university students.