Kabelo Mokgalaboni1, Phiwayinkosi V Dludla2,3, Tawanda M Nyambuya1,4, Sinethemba H Yakobi1, Vuyolwethu Mxinwa1, Bongani B Nkambule1. 1. School of Laboratory Medicine and Medical Sciences, College of Health Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa. 2. Biomedical Research and Innovation Platform, The South African Medical Research Council, Tygerberg, South Africa. 3. Department of Life and Environmental Sciences, Polytechnic University of Marche, Ancona, Italy. 4. Department of Health Sciences, Faculty of Health and Applied Sciences, Namibia University of Science and Technology, Windhoek, Namibia.
Abstract
BACKGROUND: Monocyte-mediated inflammation increases the risk of developing type 2 diabetes mellitus and cardiovascular disease. This is the first systematic review and meta-analysis of studies reporting on monocyte-mediated inflammation in type 2 diabetes mellitus. METHODS: This systematic review and meta-analysis was registered in the international prospective register of a systematic review: CRD42019132902. The MEDLINE, EMBASE and Google scholar electronic databases were searched, and a random-effects model was used to generate pooled standardised mean differences between patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus and healthy controls. RESULTS: The clinical studies (n = 20) comprised of 1065 patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus and 1103 healthy controls. Notably, the levels of monocyte activation were higher in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus compared to healthy controls (standardised mean difference = 0.47, 95% confidence interval (0.10, 0.84), p = 0.01) (χ2 = 65.72, I 2 = 83%, p < 0.00001). Patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus had an increased risk of cardiovascular disease compared to healthy controls (standardised mean difference = 0.37, 95% confidence interval (0.13, 0.61), p = 0.003) (χ2 = 958.77, I 2 = 95%, p < 0.00001). All included pre-clinical studies reported on the C57BL/6 mice strain, with a majority of the studies 57% of reporting on high fat diet-induced C57BL/6 mice model. The overall quality of the studies was good with a median score and range of 16 (13-19). CONCLUSION: Our meta-analysis suggests that there is increased monocyte activation in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus.
BACKGROUND: Monocyte-mediated inflammation increases the risk of developing type 2 diabetes mellitus and cardiovascular disease. This is the first systematic review and meta-analysis of studies reporting on monocyte-mediated inflammation in type 2 diabetes mellitus. METHODS: This systematic review and meta-analysis was registered in the international prospective register of a systematic review: CRD42019132902. The MEDLINE, EMBASE and Google scholar electronic databases were searched, and a random-effects model was used to generate pooled standardised mean differences between patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus and healthy controls. RESULTS: The clinical studies (n = 20) comprised of 1065 patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus and 1103 healthy controls. Notably, the levels of monocyte activation were higher in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus compared to healthy controls (standardised mean difference = 0.47, 95% confidence interval (0.10, 0.84), p = 0.01) (χ2 = 65.72, I 2 = 83%, p < 0.00001). Patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus had an increased risk of cardiovascular disease compared to healthy controls (standardised mean difference = 0.37, 95% confidence interval (0.13, 0.61), p = 0.003) (χ2 = 958.77, I 2 = 95%, p < 0.00001). All included pre-clinical studies reported on the C57BL/6 mice strain, with a majority of the studies 57% of reporting on high fat diet-induced C57BL/6 mice model. The overall quality of the studies was good with a median score and range of 16 (13-19). CONCLUSION: Our meta-analysis suggests that there is increased monocyte activation in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus.
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