Carmen de Keijzer1,2,3, Mariska Bauwelinck4,5, Payam Dadvand6,7,8. 1. Instituto de Salud Global de Barcelona (ISGlobal), Barcelona Biomedical Research Park (PRBB), Doctor Aiguader 88, 08003, Barcelona, Spain. 2. Universitat Pompeu Fabra (UPF), Barcelona, Spain. 3. CIBER Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Madrid, Spain. 4. Research Foundation - Flanders (FWO), Brussels, Belgium. 5. Interface Demography (ID), Department of Sociology, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels, Belgium. 6. Instituto de Salud Global de Barcelona (ISGlobal), Barcelona Biomedical Research Park (PRBB), Doctor Aiguader 88, 08003, Barcelona, Spain. payam.dadvand@isglobal.org. 7. Universitat Pompeu Fabra (UPF), Barcelona, Spain. payam.dadvand@isglobal.org. 8. CIBER Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Madrid, Spain. payam.dadvand@isglobal.org.
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW: We systematically reviewed the available observational evidence on the association between long-term exposure to residential outdoor greenspace and health at older age and rated the evidence as sufficient, limited, or inadequate. RECENT FINDINGS: We identified 59 studies, ranging from poor to very good quality. The health outcomes included mental health (N = 12, of which three were longitudinal studies and eight were rated to be of good quality), cognitive function (N = 6; two longitudinal studies, five of good/very good quality), physical capability (N = 22; five longitudinal studies, six of good/very good quality), cardiometabolic risk (N = 9; one longitudinal study, five of good/very good quality), morbidity (N = 11; three longitudinal studies, six of good/very good quality) and perceived wellbeing (N = 9; all cross-sectional, two of good quality). The evidence for a beneficial association with greenspace was rated limited for morbidity and inadequate for mental health, cognitive function, physical capability, cardiometabolic risk and perceived wellbeing. The reviewed studies provided inadequate/limited but suggestive evidence for a beneficial association between greater long-term greenspace exposure and healthy ageing. This review highlights the need of longitudinal studies that assess the association between long-term greenspace exposure and the trajectory of objective indicators of ageing.
PURPOSE OF REVIEW: We systematically reviewed the available observational evidence on the association between long-term exposure to residential outdoor greenspace and health at older age and rated the evidence as sufficient, limited, or inadequate. RECENT FINDINGS: We identified 59 studies, ranging from poor to very good quality. The health outcomes included mental health (N = 12, of which three were longitudinal studies and eight were rated to be of good quality), cognitive function (N = 6; two longitudinal studies, five of good/very good quality), physical capability (N = 22; five longitudinal studies, six of good/very good quality), cardiometabolic risk (N = 9; one longitudinal study, five of good/very good quality), morbidity (N = 11; three longitudinal studies, six of good/very good quality) and perceived wellbeing (N = 9; all cross-sectional, two of good quality). The evidence for a beneficial association with greenspace was rated limited for morbidity and inadequate for mental health, cognitive function, physical capability, cardiometabolic risk and perceived wellbeing. The reviewed studies provided inadequate/limited but suggestive evidence for a beneficial association between greater long-term greenspace exposure and healthy ageing. This review highlights the need of longitudinal studies that assess the association between long-term greenspace exposure and the trajectory of objective indicators of ageing.
Keywords:
Ageing; Elderly; Greenspace; Health; Natural environment; Park
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