A Rostami1, S M Riahi2, H R Gamble3, Y Fakhri4, M Nourollahpour Shiadeh5, M Danesh5, H Behniafar6, S Paktinat7, M Foroutan8, A H Mokdad9, P J Hotez10, R B Gasser11. 1. Infectious Diseases and Tropical Medicine Research Centre, Health Research Institute, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol, Iran; Immunoregulation Research Centre, Health Research Institute, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol, Iran. Electronic address: alirostami1984@gmail.com. 2. Social Determinants of Health Research Centre, Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Faculty of Health, Birjand University of Medical Sciences, Birjand, Iran. 3. National Academy of Sciences, Washington, DC, USA. 4. Department of Environmental Health Engineering, Student Research Committee, School of Public Health, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran. 5. Sexual and Reproductive Health Research Centre, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran. 6. Department of Basic Sciences, Medical Faculty of Sarab, Sarab, Iran. 7. Department of Biology and Anatomical Sciences, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran. 8. Department of Parasitology, Abadan Faculty of Medical Sciences, Abadan, Iran. 9. Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA. 10. Texas Children's Hospital Center for Vaccine Development, Department of Pediatrics and Molecular Virology & Microbiology, National School of Tropical Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA. 11. Department of Veterinary Biosciences, Melbourne Veterinary School, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia.
Abstract
BACKGROUND: Toxoplasma gondii infection, if acquired as an acute infection during pregnancy, can have substantial adverse effects on mothers, fetuses and newborns. Latent toxoplasmosis also causes a variety of pathologies and has been linked to adverse effects on pregnancy. OBJECTIVE: Here, we present results of a comprehensive systematic review and meta-analysis of the global prevalence of latent toxoplasmosis in pregnant women. DATA SOURCE: We searched PubMed, EMBASE, Web of Science, SciELO and Scopus databases for relevant studies that were published between 1 January 1988 and 20 July 2019. STUDY ELIGIBILITY CRITERIA: All population-based, cross-sectional and longitudinal studies reporting the prevalence of latent toxoplasmosis in healthy pregnant women were considered for inclusion. PARTICIPANTS: Pregnant women who were tested for prevalence of latent toxoplasmosis. INTERVENTIONS: There were no interventions. METHOD: We used a random effects model to calculate pooled prevalence estimates with 95% confidence intervals (CIs). We grouped prevalence data according to the geographic regions defined by the World Health Organization (WHO). Multiple subgroup and meta-regression analyses were performed. RESULTS: In total, 311 studies with 320 relevant data sets representing 1 148 677 pregnant women from 91 countries were eligible for inclusion in the meta-analysis. The global prevalence of latent toxoplasmosis in pregnant women was estimated at 33.8% (95% CI, 31.8-35.9%; 345 870/1 148 677). South America had the highest pooled prevalence (56.2%; 50.5-62.8%) of latent toxoplasmosis in pregnant women, whereas the Western Pacific region had the lowest prevalence (11.8%; 8.1-16.0%). A significantly higher prevalence of latent toxoplasmosis was associated with countries with low income and low human development indices (p < 0.001). CONCLUSION: Our results indicate a high level of latent toxoplasmosis in pregnant women, especially in some low- and middle-income countries of Africa and South America, although the local prevalence varied markedly. These results suggest a need for improved prevention and control efforts to reduce the health risks to women and newborns.
BACKGROUND:Toxoplasma gondii infection, if acquired as an acute infection during pregnancy, can have substantial adverse effects on mothers, fetuses and newborns. Latent toxoplasmosis also causes a variety of pathologies and has been linked to adverse effects on pregnancy. OBJECTIVE: Here, we present results of a comprehensive systematic review and meta-analysis of the global prevalence of latent toxoplasmosis in pregnant women. DATA SOURCE: We searched PubMed, EMBASE, Web of Science, SciELO and Scopus databases for relevant studies that were published between 1 January 1988 and 20 July 2019. STUDY ELIGIBILITY CRITERIA: All population-based, cross-sectional and longitudinal studies reporting the prevalence of latent toxoplasmosis in healthy pregnant women were considered for inclusion. PARTICIPANTS: Pregnant women who were tested for prevalence of latent toxoplasmosis. INTERVENTIONS: There were no interventions. METHOD: We used a random effects model to calculate pooled prevalence estimates with 95% confidence intervals (CIs). We grouped prevalence data according to the geographic regions defined by the World Health Organization (WHO). Multiple subgroup and meta-regression analyses were performed. RESULTS: In total, 311 studies with 320 relevant data sets representing 1 148 677 pregnant women from 91 countries were eligible for inclusion in the meta-analysis. The global prevalence of latent toxoplasmosis in pregnant women was estimated at 33.8% (95% CI, 31.8-35.9%; 345 870/1 148 677). South America had the highest pooled prevalence (56.2%; 50.5-62.8%) of latent toxoplasmosis in pregnant women, whereas the Western Pacific region had the lowest prevalence (11.8%; 8.1-16.0%). A significantly higher prevalence of latent toxoplasmosis was associated with countries with low income and low human development indices (p < 0.001). CONCLUSION: Our results indicate a high level of latent toxoplasmosis in pregnant women, especially in some low- and middle-income countries of Africa and South America, although the local prevalence varied markedly. These results suggest a need for improved prevention and control efforts to reduce the health risks to women and newborns.
Authors: Richard Idro; Rodney Ogwang; Antonio Barragan; Joseph Valentino Raimondo; Willias Masocha Journal: Front Immunol Date: 2022-02-10 Impact factor: 7.561
Authors: Carlos Flores; Delba Villalobos-Cerrud; Jovanna Borace; Lorena Fábrega; Ximena Norero; X Sáez-Llorens; María Teresa Moreno; Carlos M Restrepo; Alejandro Llanes; Mario Quijada R; Mayrene Ladrón De Guevara; German Guzmán; Valli de la Guardia; Anabel García; María F Lucero; Digna Wong; Rima Mcleod; Mariangela Soberon; Zuleima Caballero E Journal: Pathogens Date: 2021-06-17