Miaobing Zheng1, Adrian J Cameron2, Catherine S Birken3,4,5, Charles Keown-Stoneman6,7, Rachel Laws1, Li Ming Wen8,9, Karen J Campbell1. 1. Institute for Physical Activity and Nutrition (IPAN), School of Exercise and Nutrition Sciences, Deakin University, Geelong, Victoria, Australia. 2. Global Obesity Centre, School of Health and Social Development, Deakin University, Geelong, Victoria, Australia. 3. Institute for Health Policy, Management, and Evaluation, Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada. 4. Child Health Evaluative Sciences, Peter Gilgan Centre for Research and Learning, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada. 5. Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada. 6. Applied Health Research Centre (AHRC), Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute of St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada. 7. Department of Biostatistics, Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada. 8. School of Public Health and Sydney Medical School, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia. 9. Population Health Research and Evaluation Hub, Sydney Local Health District, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.
Abstract
OBJECTIVE: This study examined the relative impact of breastfeeding duration and timing of solids introduction on BMI z score (BMIz) trajectory in early childhood. METHODS: This study conducted secondary analyses of data from the Melbourne Infant Feeding, Activity and Nutrition Trial (InFANT) Program (N = 542), a prospective cohort study with data collected at birth and 3, 9, 18, 42, and 60 months. Linear spline multilevel models were performed. RESULTS: Differential growth rates were observed from birth to 3 months and from 9 to 18 months by breastfeeding duration (≥ 6 vs. < 6 months) and timing of solids introduction (before vs. after 6 months). Children who were breastfed for ≥ 6 versus < 6 months had lower BMIz at all ages from 3 to 60 months. The difference remained after adjusting for child and maternal factors, and the adjusted mean differences in BMIz at 3, 9, 18, 42, and 60 months were -0.34, -0.44, -0.13, -0.19, and -0.23, respectively. Children who received solids before versus after 6 months of age had higher BMIz at 18 and 42 months, but adjustment for child and maternal factors attenuated these differences. CONCLUSIONS: Longer breastfeeding duration was associated with lower BMIz to 5 years of age, providing further support for infant feeding guidelines to prolong breastfeeding duration for healthy growth.
OBJECTIVE: This study examined the relative impact of breastfeeding duration and timing of solids introduction on BMI z score (BMIz) trajectory in early childhood. METHODS: This study conducted secondary analyses of data from the Melbourne Infant Feeding, Activity and Nutrition Trial (InFANT) Program (N = 542), a prospective cohort study with data collected at birth and 3, 9, 18, 42, and 60 months. Linear spline multilevel models were performed. RESULTS: Differential growth rates were observed from birth to 3 months and from 9 to 18 months by breastfeeding duration (≥ 6 vs. < 6 months) and timing of solids introduction (before vs. after 6 months). Children who were breastfed for ≥ 6 versus < 6 months had lower BMIz at all ages from 3 to 60 months. The difference remained after adjusting for child and maternal factors, and the adjusted mean differences in BMIz at 3, 9, 18, 42, and 60 months were -0.34, -0.44, -0.13, -0.19, and -0.23, respectively. Children who received solids before versus after 6 months of age had higher BMIz at 18 and 42 months, but adjustment for child and maternal factors attenuated these differences. CONCLUSIONS: Longer breastfeeding duration was associated with lower BMIz to 5 years of age, providing further support for infant feeding guidelines to prolong breastfeeding duration for healthy growth.
Authors: Nikolaos G Papadopoulos; Theodor A Balan; Liandre F van der Merwe; Wei Wei Pang; Louise J Michaelis; Lynette P Shek; Yvan Vandenplas; Oon Hoe Teoh; Alessandro G Fiocchi; Yap Seng Chong Journal: Nutrients Date: 2022-05-24 Impact factor: 6.706
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