Fecal microbiota transplantation in disease therapy.

Fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT) is the introduction (transplantation) of gut microbiota obtained from the faeces of a healthy donor into the patient's gastrointestinal tract. Most often, such therapy is used the treatment of gastrointestinal diseases caused by the activity of pathogenic or conditionally pathogenic microorganisms, however, recently an increasing number of studies have reported the use of fecal microbiota transplantation for the treatment of diseases such as metabolic syndrome, diabetes, cancer and Parkinson's disease. This review article presents the results of studies concerning the impact of FMT on weight gain, immunological response and the treatment of neurological and gastrointestinal diseases and cancer. The procedure of fecal microbiota transplantation and possible side effects that may appear in FMT recipients are also described.