Giovanni Mariscalco1, Tatu Juvonen2, Fausto Biancari3. 1. Cardiac Surgery Unit, Glenfield Hospital, University Hospitals of Leicester NHS Trust, Leicester, United Kingdom. 2. Heart and Lung Center, Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland; Research Unit of Surgery, Anesthesia and Intensive Care, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland. 3. Research Unit of Surgery, Anesthesia and Intensive Care, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland; Heart Center, Turku University Hospital and University of Turku, Turku, Finland. Electronic address: faustobiancari@yahoo.it.