Crop-litter type determines the structure and function of litter-decomposing microbial communities under acid rain conditions.

Acid rain has been one of the major environmental problems in industrial countries. While it may affect the litter decomposition, a highly important microbial-driven biogeochemical process, knowledge about the impact of acid rain on litter-decomposing microbial communities and their functions remains unclear. Therefore, this experiment was conducted to investigate how acid rain treatments would alter microbial communities and their functions during litter decomposition of three major commodity crops (maize, rice, and soybean) for six months from June to December 2018. We used litterbag method to determine litter decomposition,while the phospholipid fatty acid (PLFA) and fluorometric methods were used to reveal changes in the litter-adhering microbial community parameters and activities of enzymes involved in the litter decomposition and nutrient release (including carbon [C], nitrogen [N], and phosphorus [P]), respectively. Our results showed that microbial community composition and functions were significantly different among litter types, but not significantly altered by acid rain treatments during the experimental period. The enzyme activities significantly correlated with each other, thus suggesting that microbial requirements for C, N, and P were coupled together during litter decomposition. Moreover, the enzyme activities, at large, did not correlate to microbial community composition, thus indicating the asymmetric relationship between microbial community structure and functions. Our results imply that crop litter type and substrate availability determined the microbial community composition and functions, while litter-inhabiting microbial communities demonstrated substantial resilience under acid rain pressure throughout the experimental period. These results also predict that litter (crop residues) decomposition may not be altered by acid rains in the subtropical agroecosystem, due to relatively high resilience of litter-decomposing microbial communities.